Table 5.

Geometric mean (95% CI) of levels of VEGF, PEDF, PAI-1 and OPN at baseline and 12 months, stratified by change in VO_2max

		Baseline			12-Months			Difference
	VO2max changes	N	MEAN	95% CI	N	MEAN	95% CI	Change (%)	†P	‡P
VEGF (pg/mL)	Control	84	419	367–479	161	421	384–460.3	1.1 (0.3)	Ref.	.
	Decreased VO2max	22	410	318–529	22	384	312–470.7	−26.7 (−6.5)	0.46	Ref.
	Increased VO2max by <13.4%	31	311	252–383	62	310	264–362.9	−1.1 (−0.4)	0.83	0.68
	Increased VO2max by ≥13.4%	32	289	235–355	64	285	249–327.3	−3.7 (−1.3)	0.94	0.54
									(*P=0.99)	(**P=0.63)
PEDF (ug/mL)	Control	84	11.4	10.9–12.0	161	11.7	11.3–12.2	0.3 (2.8)	Ref.	.
	Decreased VO2max	22	12.8	12.0–13.6	22	12.0	11.0–13.1	−0.8 (−6.2)	0.046	Ref.
	Increased VO2max by <13.4%	31	11.6	10.7–12.6	62	11.3	10.7–12.0	−0.3 (−2.4)	0.14	0.43
	Increased VO2max by ≥13.4%	32	10.8	10.3–11.4	64	10.4	10.0–10.9	−0.4 (−3.4)	0.049	0.56
									(*P=0.03)	(**P=0.71)
PAI-1 (ng/mL)	Control	80	5.4	4.8–6.1	157	5.6	5.1–6.1	0.2 (3.3)	Ref.	.
	Decreased VO2max	22	5.6	4.5–6.9	22	5.6	4.3–7.2	−0.0 (−0.0)	0.87	Ref.
	Increased VO2max by <13.4%	31	5.3	4.3–6.6	62	5.1	4.5–5.8	−0.3 (−5.1)	0.41	0.73
	Increased VO2max by ≥13.4%	31	4.5	3.7–5.3	62	4.1	3.7–4.6	−0.3 (−7.3)	0.24	0.61
									(*P=0.20)	(**P=0.58)
OPN (ng/mL)	Control	80	57.9	54.8–61.2	157	57.1	55.1–59.2	−0.8 (−1.4)	Ref.	.
	Decreased VO2max	22	56.9	50.8–63.7	22	57.8	52.9–63.1	0.9 (1.6)	0.45	Ref.
	Increased VO2max by <13.4%	31	62.3	58.4–66.6	62	58.2	55.3–61.3	−4.1 (−6.6)	0.10	0.10
	Increased VO2max x by ≥13.4%	31	58.1	53.7–62.9	62	56.1	53.0–59.4	−2.0 (−3.5)	0.47	0.26
									(*P=0.21)	(**P=0.44)

^†Testing differences in change from baseline to 12 months biomarkers compared to Controls.

^‡Testing difference in change from baseline to 12 months in biomarkers compared to theDecreasedVO_2max Group, excluding Controls

^*Testing for a trend in change from baseline to 12 months in biomarkers from Controls through Increased most VO_2max Group

^§13.4%% corresponds to median levels of percentage increase in VO_2max