Table 2.

Transgenic papaya developed by various research groups through gene technology.

Country	Cultivar	Construct	Type of coat protein	Transformation	Transgene expression	References
Australia	Local variety	uidA leader + CaMV35S promoter + PRSV Bridgeman Downs cp gene from Q/S start with stop codon in the middle of sequence	Translatable cp	Biolistics	cp not detected in ELISA and low levels of cp detection in northern analysis	[61]
Brazil	Sunrise solo, Sunset solo	CaMV35S + CMV leader + PRSV Bahia cp gene from Q/S start	Translatable cp	Biolistics	Low to high levels cp detected in ELISA	[97]
Brazil	Sunrise solo, Sunset solo	CaMV35S + CMV leader + PRSV Bahia cp gene from Q/S start	Untranslatable cp	Biolistics	Not tested	[97]
Florida	CV.F65	uidA leader + CaMV35S promoter + PRSV HIK cp gene from Q/S start	Translatable cp	Agrobacterium	cp is not detected in northern analysis	[98]
Florida	CV.F65	uidA leader + CaMV35S promoter + PRSV HIK cp gene from Q/S start in antisense	Untranslatable cp	Agrobacterium	cp is not detected in northern analysis	[98]
Florida	CV.F65	uidA leader + CaMV35S promoter + PRSV HIK cp gene from Q/S start with frame shift mutation	Untranslatable cp	Agrobacterium	cp is not detected in northern analysis	[98]
Florida	CV.F65	uidA leader + CaMV35S promoter + PRSV HIK cp gene from Q/S start with 3 in frame stop	Untranslatable cp	Agrobacterium	cp is not detection in northern analysis	[98]
Hawaii	Sunset solo	CMV leader + 16 aa CMV cp + PRSV HA 5-1 cp gene from Q/S start	Translatable cp	Biolistics	Low to high levels cp detected in ELISA and cp RNA detected by northern analysis	[99, 100]
Hawaii	Sunset solo	CaMV35S + CMV leader + PRSV Caymanas untranslatable cp	Untranslatable cp	Biolistics	cp RNA detected in northern analysis	[101]
Jamaica	Sunrise solo	CaMV35S + CMV leader + PRSV Caymanas untranslatable cp	Untranslatable cp	Biolistics	cp RNA detected in northern analysis	[62, 99]
Jamaica	Sunrise solo	CaMV35S + CMV leader + PRSV Caymanas cp from Q/S start	Translatable cp	Biolistics	cp RNA detected in northern analysis	[62, 99]
Taiwan	Tainung no. 2	uidA leader + CaMV35S promoter + PRSV YK cp gene from Q/S start	Translatable cp	Biolistics	cp transcript detected in northern analysis	[58, 78]
Thailand	KhakDum	CaMV35S + uidA leader + PRSV Ratchaburi province cp	Translatable cp	Biolistics	cp detected in western analysis	[73, 102]
Venezuela	Thailand red	CaMV35S + CMV leader + PRSV EV & VE from Q/S start	Translatable cp	Agrobacterium	cp RNA is not detected ELISA and low level cp detected in northern analysis	[87]