Table 1.
Baseline Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics
| Enrollment in a Clinical Trial at Baseline | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient Characteristic | Total N = 358 |
In Trial n=37 n (%) |
Not in Trial n=321 n (%) |
P- value |
|
| Demographic Characteristics | |||||
| Age, yrs, mean±SD | 356 | 56.3±11.8 | 58.9±12.7 | 0.241 | |
| Male gender | 356 | 16 (43.2%) | 178 (55.8%) | 0.165 | |
| Income >$31,000 | 209 | 12 (63.2%) | 101 (53.2%) | 0.474 | |
| Married | 353 | 26 (70.3%) | 191 (60.4%) | 0.287 | |
| Health Insurance | 351 | 34 (91.9%) | 186 (59.2%) | <0.001 | |
| Education, yrs, mean±SD | 356 | 13.4±3.5 | 12.4±4.1 | 0.179 | |
| Race/Ethnicity | 356 | 0.012 | |||
| White | 30 (81.1%) | 205 (64.3%) | 0.044 | ||
| Black | 3 (8.1%) | 58 (18.2%) | 0.166 | ||
| Hispanic | 2 (5.4%) | 51 (16.0%) | 0.139 | ||
| Asian | 2 (5.4%) | 2 (0.6%) | 0.055 | ||
| Religion | 356 | ||||
| Catholic | 17 (45.9%) | 115 (36.1%) | 0.281 | ||
| Protestant | 3 (8.1%) | 58 (18.2%) | 0.166 | ||
| Baptist | 3 (8.1%) | 50 (15.7%) | 0.328 | ||
| Pentecostal | 1 (2.7%) | 8 (2.5%) | 1.000 | ||
| Jewish | 5 (13.5%) | 12 (3.8%) | 0.023 | ||
| Muslim | 1 (2.7%) | 3 (0.9%) | 0.357 | ||
| None | 1 (2.7%) | 15 (4.7%) | 1.000 | ||
| Recruitment Site | 357 | ||||
| Yale Cancer Center | 21 (56.8%) | 47 (14.7%) | <0.001 | ||
| Veterans Affairs CCC | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (3.8%) | 0.622 | ||
| Simmons Cancer Center | 3 (8.1%) | 31 (9.7%) | 1.000 | ||
| Parkland Hospital | 5 (13.5%) | 136 (42.5%) | <0.001 | ||
| Dana Farber and Massachusetts General Hospital | 1 (2.7%) | 7 (2.2%) | 0.587 | ||
| New Hampshire Oncology Hematology | 3 (8.1%) | 62 (19.4%) | 0.115 | ||
| Clinical Characteristics | |||||
| Cancer Type | 358 | ||||
| Lung | 3 (8.1%) | 73 (22.7%) | 0.053 | ||
| Pancreatic | 9 (24.3%) | 24 (7.5%) | 0.003 | ||
| Colon | 6 (16.2%) | 39 (12.1%) | 0.439 | ||
| Gastric | 1 (2.7%) | 13 (4.0%) | 1.000 | ||
| Esophageal | 3 (8.1%) | 9 (2.8%) | 0.116 | ||
| Biliary | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (2.2%) | 1.000 | ||
| Brain | 2 (5.4%) | 6 (1.9%) | 0.196 | ||
| Performance status, mean±SD | |||||
| Karnofsky Scorea | 349 | 71.1±17.5 | 63.5÷16.3 | 0.009 | |
| ECOG Scoreb | 351 | 1.4±0.9 | 1.8±0.9 | 0.017 | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Indexc | 357 | 7.2±2.4 | 8.6±2.7 | 0.007 | |
| McGill QOLd, mean±SD | 355 | ||||
| Sum Score | 7.1±1.1 | 6.8±1.6 | 0.145 | ||
| Physical function | 6.0±2.0 | 5.6±2.7 | 0.267 | ||
| Symptoms | 6.1±1.6 | 5.3±2.2 | 0.004 | ||
| Psychological | 7.6±2.2 | 7.2±2.5 | 0.343 | ||
| Support | 8.4±1.4 | 8.7±1.7 | 0.331 | ||
| Psychosocial Characteristics | |||||
| Brief COPEe, mean±SD | |||||
| Emotional support-based coping | 326 | 2.5±0.6 | 2.5±0.7 | 0.615 | |
| Active coping | 325 | 2.0±0.7 | 1.8±0.9 | 0.185 | |
| Behavioral disengagement | 324 | 0.2±0.5 | 0.3±0.6 | 0.424 | |
| RCOPEf, mean ± SD | |||||
| Positive RCOPE | 319 | 10.3±6.7 | 11.2±6.2 | 0.453 | |
| Negative RCOPE | 317 | 1.6±2.9 | 2.0±3.6 | 0.346 | |
| Attitudes toward EOL care | |||||
| Terminal illness acknowledgment | 322 | 9 (27.3%) | 116 (40.1%) | 0.188 | |
| Desires prognostic information | 326 | 15 (50.0%) | 220 (74.8%) | 0.006 | |
| EOL discussion | 357 | 6 (16.2%) | 145 (45.3%) | <0.001 | |
| EOL care preferences & advance care planning | |||||
| Values life-extension over comfort | 290 | 14 (48.3%) | 69 (26.4%) | 0.018 | |
| Against ICU death | 327 | 12 (36.4%) | 109 (37.1%) | 1.000 | |
| Prefer ventilator | 323 | 9 (28.1%) | 75 (25.8%) | 0.832 | |
| Prefer feeding tube | 319 | 11 (34.4%) | 114 (39.7%) | 0.703 | |
| Prefer chemotherapy | 320 | 29 (93.5%) | 219 (75.8%) | 0.023 | |
| DNR order | 323 | 8 (25.0%) | 130 (44.7%) | 0.038 | |
| Living will or health care proxy | 321 | 18 (54.5%) | 163 (56.6%) | 0.854 | |
a
Karnofsky score: 0 is dead and 100 is perfect health.
b
ECOG: 0 is no limitations and 4 is completely bed-bound.
c
Age-adjusted measure of comorbid illness, where higher numbers signify a greater burden.
d
The McGill QOL subscales range from 0–10, where 0 is undesirable and 10 is desirable.
e
Carver’s Brief Cope measures use of specific types of coping, with scores ranging from 0 (none) to 6 (most).
f
Measures use of positive and negative religious coping, with scores ranging from 0 (none) to 21 (most).