Table 1.
Characteristics of 572 women included in the study population, stratified by sex of the household head and food security status, Tanzania, 2010
| Characteristic | Total | Household status | Food security status in the last 30 days | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female headed | Male headed | Food secure | Some FIa | Severe FIb | ||||||||
| N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | |
| Total | 572 | (100) | 266 | (100) | 306 | (100) | 387 | (100) | 86 | (100) | 99 | (100) |
| Age (mean, SD) | 37.4 | (11.7) | 37.8 | (11.6) | 37.1 | (11.7) | 36.7 | (11.5) | 38.7 | (11.7) | 39.4 | (12.3) |
| Age category | ||||||||||||
| ≤30 years | 178 | (31.1) | 74 | (27.8) | 104 | (34.0) | 131 | (33.9) | 23 | (26.7) | 24 | (24.2) |
| 31–40 years | 208 | (36.4) | 105 | (39.5) | 103 | (33.7) | 132 | (34.1) | 33 | (38.4) | 43 | (43.4) |
| 41–50 years | 119 | (20.8) | 56 | (21.1) | 63 | (20.6) | 86 | (22.2) | 17 | (19.8) | 16 | (16.2) |
| >50 years | 67 | (11.7) | 31 | (11.7) | 36 | (11.8) | 38 | (9.8) | 13 | (15.1) | 16 | (16.2) |
| Female headed household | 266 | (46.5) | – | – | 177 | (45.7) | 49 | (57.0) | 40 | (40.4) | ||
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| Married | 331 | (57.9) | 90 | (33.8) | 241 | (78.8) | 220 | (56.8) | 46 | (53.5) | 65 | (65.7) |
| Informal union | 107 | (18.7) | 52 | (19.6) | 55 | (18.0) | 83 | (21.4) | 13 | (15.1) | 11 | (11.1) |
| Widow | 29 | (5.1) | 28 | (10.5) | 1 | (0.3) | 17 | (4.4) | 5 | (5.8) | 7 | (7.1) |
| Divorced or separated | 61 | (10.7) | 56 | (21.1) | 5 | (1.6) | 32 | (8.3) | 17 | (19.8) | 12 | (12.1) |
| Never married | 44 | (7.7) | 40 | (15.0) | 4 | (1.3) | 35 | (9.0) | 5 | (5.8) | 4 | (4.0) |
| Currently in a sexual relationship with a regular partner | 522 | (91.3) | 237 | (89.1) | 285 | (93.1) | 364 | (94.1) | 76 | (88.4) | 82 | (82.8) |
| Education | ||||||||||||
| No education | 72 | (12.6) | 33 | (12.4) | 39 | (12.8) | 42 | (10.9) | 10 | (11.6) | 20 | (20.2) |
| Less than primary school | 65 | (11.4) | 36 | (13.5) | 29 | (9.5) | 39 | (10.1) | 10 | (11.6) | 16 | (16.2) |
| Completed primary school (Standard 7) | 390 | (68.3) | 176 | (66.2) | 214 | (70.2) | 266 | (68.9) | 63 | (73.3) | 61 | (61.6) |
| More than primary school | 44 | (7.7) | 21 | (7.9) | 23 | (7.5) | 39 | (10.1) | 3 | (3.5) | 2 | (2.0) |
| Household owns main dwelling | 496 | (86.7) | 216 | (81.2) | 280 | (91.5) | 327 | (84.5) | 73 | (84.9) | 96 | (97.0) |
| Floor of main dwelling | ||||||||||||
| Earth, mud, straw | 399 | (69.8) | 198 | (74.4) | 201 | (65.7) | 248 | (64.1) | 66 | (76.7) | 85 | (85.9) |
| Concrete | 168 | (29.4) | 65 | (24.4) | 103 | (33.7) | 134 | (34.6) | 20 | (23.3) | 14 | (14.1) |
| Other | 5 | (0.9) | 3 | (1.1) | 2 | (0.7) | 5 | (1.3) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) |
| Household ever received voucher for agricultural subsidy program | 197 | (34.4) | 95 | (35.7) | 102 | (33.3) | 136 | (35.1) | 28 | (32.6) | 33 | (33.3) |
| Household size (mean, SD) | 5.3 | (2.1) | 4.8 | (2.0) | 5.7 | (2.1) | 5.1 | (2.1) | 5.3 | (2.1) | 5.7 | (2.1) |
| Monthly per capita expenditures (TSH, mean, SD) | 27,624 | (35,318) | 25,337 | (29,768) | 29,612 | (39,455) | 28,812 | (36,609) | 18,832 | (19,466) | 30,618 | (39,720) |
| Asset index (quartile) | ||||||||||||
| 1st (lowest) | 143 | (25.0) | 86 | (32.3) | 57 | (18.6) | 87 | (22.5) | 26 | (30.2) | 30 | (30.3) |
| 2nd | 143 | (25.0) | 83 | (31.2) | 60 | (19.6) | 82 | (21.2) | 31 | (36.0) | 30 | (30.3) |
| 3rd | 143 | (25.0) | 58 | (21.8) | 85 | (27.8) | 95 | (24.6) | 22 | (25.6) | 26 | (26.3) |
| 4th (highest) | 143 | (25.0) | 39 | (14.7) | 104 | (34.0) | 123 | (31.8) | 7 | (8.1) | 13 | (13.1) |
| Total land owned by household (acres) | 4.5 | (6.0) | 3.9 | (3.9) | 5.0 | (7.4) | 4.7 | (7.0) | 4.3 | (3.6) | 3.6 | (3.0) |
| Food security in last 30 days | ||||||||||||
| Food secure | 387 | (67.7) | 177 | (66.5) | 210 | (68.6) | – | – | – | |||
| Some FI | 86 | (15.0) | 49 | (18.4) | 37 | (12.1) | ||||||
| Severe FI | 99 | (17.3) | 40 | (15.0) | 59 | (19.3) | ||||||
| Entered into or stayed in a relationship because of material goods | 86 | (15.5) | 54 | (20.9) | 32 | (10.8) | 55 | (14.5) | 13 | (15.7) | 18 | (19.4) |
| Could ask partner to use condomc | 253 | (48.9) | 149 | (53.1) | 104 | (37.0) | 188 | (51.9) | 39 | (52.0) | 26 | (32.5) |
| Sexual relationship power score (mean, SD)d | 2.5 | (0.4) | 2.5 | (0.3) | 2.5 | (0.4) | 2.5 | (0.4) | 2.4 | (0.3) | 2.4 | (0.3) |
FI food insecurity, SD standard deviation
In the last 30 days, “sometimes” worrying about food access (three to ten times in the last month) or “sometimes” not being able to eat preferred foods
In the last 30 days, having at least one household member go to bed hungry, “often” (more than ten times in the last month) worrying about food supply, or “often” not being able to eat preferred foods due to a lack of resources
Limited to the 522 women currently in a sexual relationship with a regular or steady partner
Sexual relationship power score was available for 532 (93 %) women reporting a main or regular sexual partner in the last 12 months