Table 4.
Mean weight change (kg) according to categories of change in dietary energy density (Kcal/g) among 50,026 women.
| Categories of change in dietary energy density |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consistent in the Lowest Quintiles | Consistent in the Highest Quintiles | Moved from the Lowest to the Highest Quintiles | Moved from the Highest to the Lowest Quintiles | Other | |
| Period 1991 – 1995 | |||||
| No. participants | 12,144 | 12,084 | 4,186 | 4,071 | 17,541 |
| Crude weight change [kg, mean (SE)] | 3.57 (0.05) | 3.07 (0.05) | 4.29 (0.09) | 2.26 (0.09) | 3.23 (0.05) |
| Multivariate 11-adjusted weight change [kg, mean (SE)] | 3.49 (0.05) | 3.13 (0.05) | 4.26 (0.09) | 2.24 (0.09) | 3.25 (0.05) |
| Multivariate 22-adjusted weight change [kg, mean (SE)] | 3.63 (0.06) | 2.99 (0.05) | 4.08 (0.09) | 2.42 (0.09) | 3.24 (0.04) |
|
| |||||
| Period 1995 – 1999 | |||||
| No. participants | 10,670 | 10,689 | 5,649 | 5,196 | 17,822 |
| Crude weight change [kg, mean (SE)] | 2.00 (0.06) | 2.15 (0.06) | 3.05 (0.08) | 1.41 (0.08) | 2.18 (0.04) |
| Multivariate 11-adjusted weight change [kg, mean (SE)] | 2.04 (0.06) | 2.09 (0.06) | 3.05 (0.08) | 1.40 (0.08) | 2.20 (0.04) |
| Multivariate 22-adjusted weight change [kg, mean (SE)] | 2.33 (0.06) | 1.80 (0.06) | 2.90 (0.08) | 1.62 (0.08) | 2.18 (0.04) |
|
| |||||
| Period 1991 – 1999 | |||||
| No. participants | 9,861 | 9,951 | 6,346 | 5,914 | 17,954 |
| Crude weight change [kg, mean (SE)] | 5.34 (0.08) | 5.33 (0.08) | 6.94 (0.09) | 4.20 (0.09) | 5.43 (0.05) |
| Multivariate 11-adjusted weight change [kg, mean (SE)] | 5.30 (0.08) | 5.37 (0.08) | 6.78 (0.09) | 4.30 (0.09) | 5.45 (0.05) |
| Multivariate 22-adjusted weight change [kg, mean (SE)] | 5.81 (0.08) | 4.90 (0.08) | 6.41 (0.09) | 4.67 (0.09) | 5.44 (0.05) |
1
Multivariate model adjusted for age (continuous), baseline alcohol intake (0, 0.1 to 4.9, 5.0 to 9.9, 10+ g/day), physical activity (quintiles metabolic equivalent score), smoking (never, past, current, missing), postmenopausal hormone use (no, current or past, missing), oral contraceptive use (no, current, missing), cereal fiber intake (quintiles), trans fat intake (quintiles), and baseline BMI (continuous).
2
Multivariate model adjusted for multivariate model 1 + changes in confounders between time periods (except BMI) and change in intake of sugar-sweetened soft drinks.