Table 2.

Risk of a major adverse cardiac event at 3 years according to quartiles of choline and betaine level

	Quartile 1	Quartile 2	Quartile 3	Quartile 4
Choline level
Range (μM)	<7.89	7.89–9.79	9.79–12.23	≥12.23
Event rate	90/963 = 9.4	112/982 = 11.4	121/978 = 12.4	172/980 = 17.6
Unadjusted HR	1	1.20 (0.91–1.58)	1.32 (1.01–1.74)*	1.92 (1.49–2.48)**
Adjusted HR	1	1.06 (0.80–1.40)	1.09 (0.83–1.44)	1.34 (1.03–1.74)*
Betaine level
Range (μM)	<32.46	32.46–41.1	41.1–52.13	≥52.13
Event rate	111/974 = 11.4	120/977 = 12.3	111/976 = 11.4	153/976 = 15.7
Unadjusted HR	1	1.09 (0.84–1.41)	0.99 (0.76–1.29)	1.41 (1.11–1.8)**
Adjusted HR	1	1.09 (0.83–1.41)	1.01 (0.77–1.33)	1.33 (1.03–1.73)*

Adjusted for traditional risk factors include age, sex, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, diabetes mellitus, log (hs C-reactive protein).

*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.