Skip to main content
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1985 May;82(10):3101–3105. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.10.3101

Complete nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of human T-cell leukemia virus type II: an open reading frame for the protease gene.

K Shimotohno, Y Takahashi, N Shimizu, T Gojobori, D W Golde, I S Chen, M Miwa, T Sugimura
PMCID: PMC397722  PMID: 2582407

Abstract

The entire nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of human T-cell leukemia virus type II provirus was determined. This provirus consists of 8952 nucleotides. In addition to long terminal repeats and gag, pol, env, and X, a protease gene that is responsible for processing the gag precursor protein was found. The protease gene is encoded in a different frame from gag and pol and was located between the gag and pol open reading frames. The 5' region of the protease gene overlaps the 3' gag region. Coding regions of the provirus show about 60% homology with those of human T-cell leukemia virus type I at the nucleotide level. The evolutionary relationship between human T-cell leukemia virus types I and II is discussed.

Full text

PDF
3102

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Chen I. S., McLaughlin J., Gasson J. C., Clark S. C., Golde D. W. Molecular characterization of genome of a novel human T-cell leukaemia virus. Nature. 1983 Oct 6;305(5934):502–505. doi: 10.1038/305502a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Chiu I. M., Callahan R., Tronick S. R., Schlom J., Aaronson S. A. Major pol gene progenitors in the evolution of oncoviruses. Science. 1984 Jan 27;223(4634):364–370. doi: 10.1126/science.6197754. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Clapham P., Nagy K., Weiss R. A. Pseudotypes of human T-cell leukemia virus types 1 and 2: neutralization by patients' sera. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 May;81(9):2886–2889. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.9.2886. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Haseltine W. A., Sodroski J., Patarca R., Briggs D., Perkins D., Wong-Staal F. Structure of 3' terminal region of type II human T lymphotropic virus: evidence for new coding region. Science. 1984 Jul 27;225(4660):419–421. doi: 10.1126/science.6330894. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Kalyanaraman V. S., Sarngadharan M. G., Robert-Guroff M., Miyoshi I., Golde D., Gallo R. C. A new subtype of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-II) associated with a T-cell variant of hairy cell leukemia. Science. 1982 Nov 5;218(4572):571–573. doi: 10.1126/science.6981847. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Kiyokawa T., Seiki M., Imagawa K., Shimizu F., Yoshida M. Identification of a protein (p40x) encoded by a unique sequence pX of human T-cell leukemia virus type I. Gan. 1984 Sep;75(9):747–751. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Lee T. H., Coligan J. E., Sodroski J. G., Haseltine W. A., Salahuddin S. Z., Wong-Staal F., Gallo R. C., Essex M. Antigens encoded by the 3'-terminal region of human T-cell leukemia virus: evidence for a functional gene. Science. 1984 Oct 5;226(4670):57–61. doi: 10.1126/science.6089350. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Lenz J., Crowther R., Straceski A., Haseltine W. Nucleotide sequence of the Akv env gene. J Virol. 1982 May;42(2):519–529. doi: 10.1128/jvi.42.2.519-529.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Levin J. G., Hu S. C., Rein A., Messer L. I., Gerwin B. I. Murine leukemia virus mutant with a frameshift in the reverse transcriptase coding region: implications for pol gene structure. J Virol. 1984 Aug;51(2):470–478. doi: 10.1128/jvi.51.2.470-478.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Mamoun R. Z., Astier T., Guillemain B., Duplan J. F. Bovine lymphosarcoma: expression of BLV-related proteins in cultured cells. J Gen Virol. 1983 Sep;64(Pt 9):1895–1905. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-64-9-1895. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Miwa M., Shimotohno K., Hoshino H., Fujino M., Sugimura T. Detection of pX proteins in human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-infected cells by using antibody against peptide deduced from sequences of X-IV DNA of HTLV-I and Xc DNA of HTLV-II proviruses. Gan. 1984 Sep;75(9):752–755. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Miyata T., Yasunaga T. Molecular evolution of mRNA: a method for estimating evolutionary rates of synonymous and amino acid substitutions from homologous nucleotide sequences and its application. J Mol Evol. 1980 Sep;16(1):23–36. doi: 10.1007/BF01732067. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Perler F., Efstratiadis A., Lomedico P., Gilbert W., Kolodner R., Dodgson J. The evolution of genes: the chicken preproinsulin gene. Cell. 1980 Jun;20(2):555–566. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90641-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Reitz M. S., Jr, Poiesz B. J., Ruscetti F. W., Gallo R. C. Characterization and distribution of nucleic acid sequences of a novel type C retrovirus isolated from neoplastic human T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Mar;78(3):1887–1891. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.3.1887. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Roth J. R. Frameshift suppression. Cell. 1981 Jun;24(3):601–602. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90086-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Sagata N., Yasunaga T., Ikawa Y. Identification of a potential protease-coding gene in the genomes of bovine leukemia and human T-cell leukemia viruses. FEBS Lett. 1984 Dec 3;178(1):79–82. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(84)81244-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Sagata N., Yasunaga T., Tsuzuku-Kawamura J., Ohishi K., Ogawa Y., Ikawa Y. Complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of bovine leukemia virus: its evolutionary relationship to other retroviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Feb;82(3):677–681. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.3.677. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Schreier P. H., Cortese R. A fast and simple method for sequencing DNA cloned in the single-stranded bacteriophage M13. J Mol Biol. 1979 Mar 25;129(1):169–172. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90068-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Schwartz D. E., Tizard R., Gilbert W. Nucleotide sequence of Rous sarcoma virus. Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):853–869. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90071-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Seiki M., Hattori S., Hirayama Y., Yoshida M. Human adult T-cell leukemia virus: complete nucleotide sequence of the provirus genome integrated in leukemia cell DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jun;80(12):3618–3622. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.12.3618. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Shimotohno K., Golde D. W., Miwa M., Sugimura T., Chen I. S. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the long terminal repeat of human T-cell leukemia virus type II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Feb;81(4):1079–1083. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.4.1079. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Shimotohno K., Wachsman W., Takahashi Y., Golde D. W., Miwa M., Sugimura T., Chen I. S. Nucleotide sequence of the 3' region of an infectious human T-cell leukemia virus type II genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Nov;81(21):6657–6661. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.21.6657. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Slamon D. J., Shimotohno K., Cline M. J., Golde D. W., Chen I. S. Identification of the putative transforming protein of the human T-cell leukemia viruses HTLV-I and HTLV-II. Science. 1984 Oct 5;226(4670):61–65. doi: 10.1126/science.6089351. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Sodroski J., Patarca R., Perkins D., Briggs D., Lee T. H., Essex M., Coligan J., Wong-Staal F., Gallo R. C., Haseltine W. A. Sequence of the envelope glycoprotein gene of type II human T lymphotropic virus. Science. 1984 Jul 27;225(4660):421–424. doi: 10.1126/science.6204380. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Wachsman W., Shimotohno K., Clark S. C., Golde D. W., Chen I. S. Expression of the 3' terminal region of human T-cell leukemia viruses. Science. 1984 Oct 12;226(4671):177–179. doi: 10.1126/science.6091270. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Yoshida M., Miyoshi I., Hinuma Y. Isolation and characterization of retrovirus from cell lines of human adult T-cell leukemia and its implication in the disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Mar;79(6):2031–2035. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.6.2031. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES