Table 3.

Factors associated with ZBI total score by caregiver relationship to patient: results from final multivariate GLMs

	Adult-child caregiver (n = 405) R2DEV = 0.36			Spousal caregiver (n = 985) R2DEV = 0.43
	estimate	95% CL	p value	estimate	95% CL	p value
Intercept	38.30	33.22; 43.39	<0.001	45.68	36.83; 54.52	<0.001
Patient factors
MMSE (ref.: moderately severe/severe AD)a
Mild AD	2.06	−1.51; 5.62	0.26	1.97	−0.39; 4.32	0.10
Moderate AD	2.65	−0.66; 5.96	0.12	1.72	−0.38; 3.82	0.11
ADCS-ADL total score	−0.15	−0.23; −0.07	<0.001	−0.28	−0.33; −0.23	<0.001
Years of education	–	–	–	0.37	0.13; 0.60	0.002
Living in a rural location (ref.: urban)	−3.08	−5.95; −0.21	0.035	–	–	–
No falls in the past 3 months (ref.: at least one fall)	−4.21	−7.41; −1.01	0.010	–	–	–
Caregiver factors
Caregiver female (ref.: male)	–	–	–	2.79	1.25; 4.33	<0.001
Caregiver age	–	–	–	−0.25	−0.34; −0.15	<0.001
Caregiver does not live with patient (ref.: lives with patient)	−3.27	−6.29; −0.26	0.034	–	–	–
NPI distress score	0.74	0.60; 0.89	<0.001	0.75	0.65; 0.85	<0.001
Country (ref.: UK)a
Germany	−2.86	−5.93; 0.20	0.07	−2.97	−4.68; −1.26	0.001
France	−2.90	−5.87; 0.06	0.06	4.32	2.41; 6.22	<0.001

Where the cells are blank, the variable was not entered into the final model for that group of caregivers (p > 0.05 in univariate analysis). A negative estimate indicates a lower caregiver burden compared with the reference category (for categorical variables) or as the value increased (for continuous variables). p values in bold are significant. CL = Confidence limit.

^aMMSE and country were forced into the final models.