Fig. 4.
Evaluation of E3 vaccine effectiveness against the onset of diabetes in KK-Ay mice. (A) In overnight-fasted KK-Ay mice (n = 6), the MTT was performed on day 28. (B) The AUC for glucose (time 0–120 min) was calculated during the MTT. (C) At 30 min after meal loading (2 g CHO/kg), plasma insulin level and pancreatic insulin content were measured on day 28. (D) Pancreatic insulin content was assessed on day 63. (E) After overnight fasting (16 h) and meal loading (2 g CHO/kg), the plasma GLP-1 concentration also was measured. (F) The proliferation rates of β-cells were determined by dividing the Ki67-positive β-cell number by the total islet number on day 42. (G) Pancreatic sections from KLH- or E3-immunized mice were obtained on day 42 for insulin or Ki67 immunostaining. [Scale bars, 400 μm (Left) and 50 μm (Center and Right).] All data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 versus the KLH control group.