Table 1.

Allele frequencies of three functional SNPs associated with pigmentation in ancient and modern populations

			Derived allele frequency
Gene	SNP	Polymorphism	Europe	Asia	Africa	Modern Ukrainian sample	Ancient sample
HERC2	rs12913832 regulatory element (OCA2)	A > G	0.710 [758]	0.002 [572]	0.000 [370]	0.651 (0.546–0.744) [86]	0.160 (0.099–0.247) [94]
SLC45A2 (MATP)	rs16891982 Leu374Phe	C > G	0.970 [758]	0.007 [572]	0.000 [370]	0.927 (0.849–0.965) [82]	0.432 (0.296–0.578) [44]
TYR	rs1042602 Ser192Tyr	C > A	0.368 [758]	0.002 [572]	0.000 [370]	0.367 (0.279–0.466) [98]	0.043 (0.018–0.106) [92]

Modern allele frequencies are from 1000 Genomes (http://browser.1000genomes.org) (65). Range in parentheses indicates the equal-tailed 95% confidence interval calculated as described using the qbeta function in R (66). Numbers in square brackets indicate 2N individuals. The African American (ASW) data from 1000 Genomes were excluded because this population is admixed to an unknown extent.