Table 3.
Studies from Latin American countries showing association between arsenic exposure and bladder cancer mortality and incidence
| Reference | County | Design | Characteristics of subjects and exposure | Measure | Results/Main finding |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hopenhayn-Rich et al. (1996) | Argentina | Ecological | Province of Cordoba (Approximately 2,750,000 inhabitants. |
Bladder cancer mortality SMR (95% CI) |
Men: 0.80 (0.66–0.96), 1.42 (1.14–1.74), 2.14 (1.78–2.53) and Women: 1.21 (0.85–1.64), 1.58 (1.01– 2.35), 1.82 (1.19–2.64) with water As cone. <40, >40–178, and >178 µg/L. |
| Moore et al. (1997) | Chile | Cohort | 70 and 55 males with chronic high and low As exposure (600µg/L and 15µg/L). |
Measure of micronuclei cell in urinary As. |
Micronuclei in with increased urinary As (53.9 to 728.9 µg/L) p for trend < 0.001 |
| Smith et al. (1998) | Chile | Ecological | Roughly 400,000 residents in Region II (Avg. water As 570 µg/L) from 1955–1969 |
Bladder cancer mortality SMR (95% CI) |
Men: 6.0 (4.8–7.4) and women 8.2(6.3–10.5) |
| Moore et al. (2002) | Argentina | Case-case | 123 bladder cancer patients, exposed to As in drinking water. |
Mean chromosomal alterations in tumor with increasing exposure |
Changes in chromosomal alterations: 5.7, 5.6, 7.3, and 9.1 compared to As cone. <10, 10–99, 100–299, >299 (p for trend=.02) |
| Bates et al. (2004) | Argentina | Case-control | 114 case-control pairs | Bladder cancer OR (95% CI) |
2.5(1.1–5.5) |
| Steinmaus et al. (2006) | Argentina | Case-control | 114 cases-control pairs | Bladder cancer OR (95% CI) |
High %MMA in Smokers: 2.17 (1.02–4.63) and Non-smokers: 0.48(0.17–1.33) |
| Marshall et al. (2007) | Chile | Ecologic | Mortality data on 525,715 from Region II and Region V between 1950 and 2000 |
Bladder cancer mortality RR (95% CI) |
Men: 6.10 (3.97–9.39) Women: 13.8 (7.74–24.5) |
| Valenzuela et al.(2007) | Mexico | Cross- sectional |
51 -person high exposure group, 21 -person low exposure group |
TGF-a in exfoliated bladder urothelial cells (BUC) in people living in high vs. low As exposed area and with or without skin lesions. |
TGF-α concentration: High vs. low As (128.8 pg/mg vs. 64.4 pg/mg, p<0.05); and With and without skin lesion (157.7pg/mg vs. 64.9 pg/mg, p<0.05) |