Table 2.
Verified targets of miRNAs in TLR-signalling pathway.
| Target mRNA | miRNA(s) | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Receptors | ||
| TLR4 | let-7i, let-7e, miR-223, miR-146a, miR-146b, miR-511 | [25, 53, 62, 72, 78, 79] |
| TLR3 | miR-223, miR-26a | [53, 80] |
| TLR2 | miR-105, miR-19a/b, miR-143, miR-146a | [81–84] |
| Signalling proteins | ||
| IRAK1 | miR-146a, miR-146b, miR-21 | [19, 26, 28, 31, 85] |
| TRAF6 | miR-146a, miR-146b | [19, 26, 79] |
| IRAK2 | miR-146a | [19, 26] |
| MyD88 | miR-146b, miR-155, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-21, miR-149, miR-203 | [29, 30, 54, 79, 86–88] |
| IRAK4 | miR-146a, miR-132, miR-212 | [51] |
| TRAF4 | miR-29 | [89] |
| FADD | miR-155 | [38, 40] |
| IKKβ | miR-155, miR-199a | [38, 40, 54, 88] |
| IKKε | miR-155 | [38, 40] |
| TAB2 | miR-155 | [38, 40] |
| RIPK1 | miR-155 | [38, 40] |
| TIRAP | miR-145 | [31] |
| BTK | miR-348 | [69, 90] |
| IKKα | miR-223 | [91] |
| MKK4 | miR-92a | [92] |
| STING | miR-24 | [56] |
| ISGs | miR-132 | [50] |
| Transcription factors | ||
| P38 MAPK | miR-155 | [38] |
| NF-κB1 | miR-9, miR-210 | [58, 93] |
| NF-κBp65 | miR-329 | [94] |
| STAT3 | miR-17-5p, miR-20a, miR-223 | [55, 95] |
| C/EBPβ | miR-155 | [32, 33] |
| PPARγ | miR-27b | [59] |
| p300 | miR-132 | [50] |
| FOXP3 | miR-155 | [34] |
| Ets2 | miR-155 | [96] |
| Functional cytokines | ||
| IL-8 | miR-146a, miR-16 | [22, 97] |
| RANTES | miR-146a | [22] |
| IFN-α | miR-466l | [98] |
| IFN-β | let-7b, miR-26a, miR-34a, miR-145 | [11, 99] |
| TNF | miR-125b, miR-187, miR-16, miR-221, miR-579, miR-369-3, miR-155 | [40, 42, 67, 97, 100–102] |
| IL-6 | miR-16, miR-365, miR-142-3p, miR-187 | [11, 73, 103, 104] |
| IL-10 | miR-106a, miR-106b, miR-466l | [105, 106] |
| IL-12p35 | miR-21 | [107–109] |
| IFN-γ | miR-9, miR-21 | [108, 110] |
| IL-12p40 | miR-187, miR-21 | [108, 109] |
| Regulators molecules | ||
| ACHE | miR-132 | [49] |
| PDCD4 | miR-21 | [63, 111, 112] |
| SHIP1 | miR-155 | [32, 33, 43–46, 62, 111, 112] |
| SOCS1 | miR-155 | [47, 48, 62, 113] |
| Notch1 | miR-146a | [35] |
| CaMKIIalpha | miR-148a/b, miR-152 | [114] |
| PCAF | miR-181, miR-17/92 | [115, 116] |
| CIS | miR-98, let-7 | [75, 117, 118] |
| SOCS4 | miR-98, let-7 | [75, 117, 118] |
| SOCS3 | miR-203 | [118] |
| MKP-1 | miR-101 | [119] |
IRAK: IL-1R-associated kinase; TRAF6: TNFR-associated factor 6; MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88; FADD: Fas-associated death domain protein; IKK: inhibitor of NF-κB kinase; TAB2: TAK1-binding protein 2; RIPK1: receptor TNFR-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1; TIRAP: TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (also known as MAL, MyD88 adaptor-like protein); BTK: Bruton's tyrosine kinase; MKK4: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4; STAT3: transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; C/EBPβ: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; RANTES: regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted; FOXP3: forkhead box P3; Ets2: E26 transformation-specific sequence 2; STING: stimulator of interferon genes; ACHE: acetylcholinesterase; PDCD4: programmed cell death 4; SHIP1: Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing inositol-5′-phosphatase 1; SOCS: suppressor of cytokine signalling; CIS: cytokine-inducible Src homology 2; CaMKIIalpha: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; PCAF: protein-associated factor; MKP-1: MAPK phosphatase-1.