Table 2.
Demographic and household characteristics in study participants living in urban households, and rural households with and without chimneys
| |
Mean (SD) or % |
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Characteristic |
Total |
Urban |
Rural-chimney |
Rural-no chimney |
P-value |
| (n=104) | (n=32) | (n=34) | (n=38) | ||
|
Demographics | |||||
| Age (years) |
48 |
51 |
43 |
52 |
0.03 |
| Sex (% female) |
98.1 |
100 |
100 |
94.7 |
0.33 |
|
Cooking history | |||||
| Years cooking |
32 |
31 |
29 |
36 |
0.17 |
| Years cooking with traditional stove |
24 |
5 |
28 |
35 |
< 0.001 |
| Biomass burn-years* |
116 |
16 |
84 |
226 |
< 0.001 |
|
Stove and fuel use | |||||
| Hours spent cooking per day |
3.9 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
5.5 |
0.17 |
| Cooking frequency, % who cook every day |
96.1% |
90.6% |
97.1% |
100% |
0.07 |
| Cooking frequency per day, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
< 0.001 |
| 1 |
9 (8.7) |
6 (18.8) |
1 (2.8) |
2 (5.6) |
|
| 2 |
69 (66.4) |
7 (21.9) |
31 (86.1) |
31 (86.1) |
|
| 3 |
26 (25.0) |
19 (59.4) |
3 (8.8) |
4 (10.5) |
|
| % cooking every meal with a traditional cookstove |
55.8 |
0 |
79.4 |
81.6 |
< 0.001 |
| % using a traditional cookstove (any frequency) |
70.2 |
9.4 |
100 |
94.7 |
< 0.001 |
| Biomass fuel sources (participants could select ≥1), n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Wood |
72 (69.2) |
8 (25.0) |
31 (91.2) |
33 (86.8) |
< 0.001 |
| Dung |
75 (72.1) |
8 (25.0) |
31 (91.2) |
36 (94.7) |
< 0.001 |
| Agricultural materials |
36 (35.0) |
0 (0) |
15 (44.1) |
21 (56.8) |
< 0.001 |
|
Improved cookstoves | |||||
| Has improved cookstoves, n (%) |
5 (4.8) |
1 (3.1) |
3 (8.3) |
1 (2.8) |
0.62 |
| Uses improved stove regularly |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
|
| Improved cookstove via JUNTOS, n (%) |
0 (0) |
|
|||
|
Smoking history | |||||
| Current daily smokers, n (%) |
1 (0.9%) |
1 (2.9%) |
0 |
0 |
|
| Cumulative pack-years among all participants |
0.08 |
0.22 |
0 |
0.02 |
0.34 |
|
Kitchen characteristics | |||||
| % with kitchen separate from main living area |
78.6 |
29.0 |
100 |
100 |
< 0.001 |
| Volume of kitchen (cubic meters) |
24.0 |
30.5 |
22.8 |
19.6 |
0.06 |
| % with a dirt floor |
66.0 |
12.9 |
85.3 |
92.1 |
< 0.001 |
| % with adobe walls |
66.0 |
9.7 |
97.1 |
84.2 |
< 0.001 |
| Roof material, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
< 0.001 |
| Concrete |
22 (21.4) |
21 (67.7) |
0 (0.0) |
1 (2.6) |
|
| Corrugated iron |
44 (42.7) |
7 (22.6) |
22 (64.7) |
15 (39.5) |
|
| Thatch |
29 (28.2) |
0 (0.0) |
11 (32.4) |
18 (47.4) |
|
| Other | 8 (7.8) | 3 (9.7) | 1 (2.9) | 4 (10.5) | |