Table 1.
Participant characteristics (n = 587)
| n | % | |
|---|---|---|
| Household characteristics | ||
| Household socio-economic statusa (missing values: 43) | ||
| SES-1 | 57 | 10.5 |
| SES-2 | 161 | 29.6 |
| SES-3 | 148 | 27.2 |
| SES-4 | 178 | 32.7 |
| Maternal education (missing values: 54) | ||
| Elementary school | 13 | 2.4 |
| Middle school | 101 | 19.0 |
| High school | 187 | 35.1 |
| University | 232 | 43.5 |
| Paternal education (missing values: 148) | ||
| Elementary school | 18 | 4.1 |
| Middle school | 83 | 18.9 |
| High school | 134 | 30.5 |
| University | 204 | 46.5 |
| Parents’ employment status (missing values: 7) | ||
| No full-time worker | 135 | 23.3 |
| At least one full-time worker | 445 | 76.7 |
| Dwelling characteristics | ||
| Type of dwelling (missing values: 6) | ||
| Detached house | 119 | 20.5 |
| Semi-detached house | 24 | 4.1 |
| Apartment building (2–6 dwellings) | 76 | 13.1 |
| Apartment building (>6 dwellings) | 349 | 60.1 |
| Other | 13 | 2.2 |
| View from the child’s window (missing values: 38) | ||
| Courtyard | 115 | 20.9 |
| Grassy area | 200 | 36.4 |
| Low traffic street | 120 | 21.9 |
| Heavy traffic street | 114 | 20.8 |
| Type of window (missing values: 35) | ||
| Single-glazed | 124 | 22.5 |
| Double-glazed | 428 | 77.5 |
aSES-1 =working class or unemployed; SES-2 =non-managerial position/clerk; SES-3 =middle class job/mid-management position; SES-4 =senior management position/artisan, shopkeeper, and entrepreneur/corporate manager