Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Study Participants.*.
| Characteristic | Group 1, Amphotericin B (N = 99) | Group 2, Amphotericin B and Flucytosine (N = 100) | Group 3, Amphotericin B and Fluconazole (N = 99) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age—yr† | |||
| Median | 28 | 28 | 27 |
| Interquartile range | 25–31 | 25–33 | 24–31 |
| Male sex—no. (%) | 81 (82) | 80 (80) | 84 (85) |
| Intravenous drug use—no./total no. (%) | 51/90 (57) | 49/94 (52) | 53/97 (55) |
| Duration of symptoms—days‡ | |||
| Median | 15 | 14 | 12 |
| Interquartile range | 7–22 | 8–18 | 7–20 |
| Headache—no./total no. (%) | 95/97 (98) | 99/99 (100) | 98/99 (99) |
| Fever—no./total no. (%) | 75/97 (77) | 75/98 (77) | 72/98 (73) |
| Neck stiffness—no./total no. (%) | 66/91 (73) | 64/91 (70) | 66/95 (69) |
| Seizure—no./total no. (%) | 9/94 (10) | 9/98 (9) | 2/98 (2) |
| Glasgow Coma Scale score—no./total no. (%)§ | |||
| 15 | 66/97 (68) | 67/99 (68) | 78/98 (80) |
| 11–14 | 21/97 (22) | 24/99 (24) | 15/98 (15) |
| ≤10 | 10/97 (10) | 8/99 (8) | 5/98 (5) |
| Cranial–nerve palsy—no./total no. (%) | 27/97 (28) | 22/98 (22) | 18/98 (18) |
| Papilledema—no./total no. (%) | 18/85 (21) | 19/89 (21) | 17/93 (18) |
| CSF opening pressure >18 cm of CSF—no./total no. (%) | 56/83 (67) | 61/80 (76) | 55/81 (68) |
| CSF white–cell count—cells/ml¶ | |||
| Median | 33 | 26 | 24 |
| Interquartile range | 7–76 | 8–61 | 7–83 |
| CSF glucose level—mmol/liter∥ | |||
| Median | 2.21 | 2.30 | 2.34 |
| Interquartile range | 1.50–3.00 | 1.70–2.98 | 1.70–2.99 |
| Plasma glucose level—mmol/liter** | |||
| Median | 5.69 | 5.90 | 5.43 |
| Interquartile range | 4.84–6.50 | 4.88–6.90 | 4.80–6.20 |
| CSF yeast count—log10 CFU/ml†† | |||
| Median | 5.91 | 5.81 | 5.74 |
| Interquartile range | 5.49–6.48 | 4.74–6.15 | 4.80–6.34 |
| CD4 count—cells/mm3‡‡ | |||
| Median | 18 | 17 | 14 |
| Interquartile range | 8–37 | 9–28 | 8–41 |
| Creatinine—μmol/liter§§ | |||
| Median | 72.0 | 73.0 | 70.4 |
| Interquartile range | 61.0–93.5 | 60.0–86.0 | 61.1–88.5 |
There were no significant between-group differences at baseline, with the exception of CSF yeast count (P = 0.03 by the Kruskal–Wallis test). For additional details, see Table S1 in the Supplementary Appendix. CFU denotes colony-forming units, and CSF cerebrospinal fluid. To convert the values for glucose to milligrams per deciliter, divide by 0.05551. To convert the values for creatinine to milligrams per deciliter, divide by 88.4.
Data were missing for 1 patient in group 3.
Data were missing for 14 patients in group 1, for 6 in group 2, and for 8 in group 3.
Scores on the Glasgow Coma Scale range from 3 to 15, with lower scores indicating reduced levels of consciousness.
Data were missing for 10 patients in group 1, for 12 in group 2, and for 12 in group 3.
Data were missing for 6 patients in group 2, for 4 in group 2, and for 6 in group 3.
Data were missing for 8 patients in group 1, for 8 in group 2, and for 6 in group 3.
Data were missing for 22 patients in group 1, for 20 in group 2, and for 20 in group 3.
Data were missing for 28 patients in group 1, for 26 in group 2, and for 26 in group 3.
Data were missing for 8 patients in group 1, for 3 in group 2, and for 4 in group 3.