Table 2.
Biomarkers in patients with and without ultrasound-defined synovitis
| All (n = 55) |
Ultrasound-defined active synovitis |
P value a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 25) | No (n = 30) | |||
| Activin A |
6,556 (3,012 to 10,887) |
9,186 (4,846 to 12,297) |
4,175 (2,450 to 10,255) |
0.086 |
| ANG |
7,670 (6,206 to 10,496) |
8,009 (6,729 to 10,816) |
6867 (5,861 to 9,421) |
0.119 |
| ANG-1 |
32,622 (28,287 to 36,705) |
34,343 (28,615 to 39,515) |
31,066 (27,977 to 35,834) |
0.210 |
| ANG-2 |
726.4 (595.8-1014.8) |
881 (670 to 1,072) |
702 (536 to 869) |
0.038 |
| Angiostatin |
37,409 (30,333 to 48,183) |
34,326 (28,123 to 46,416) |
39,648 (34,243 to 49,152) |
0.111 |
| ANGPTL4 |
15,120 (6,450 to 6,464) |
1,374 (606 to 6,030) |
2,294 (7,450 to 7,713) |
0.630 |
| bFGF |
314 (268 to 492) |
384 (288 to 675) |
295 (265 to 318) |
0.007 |
| CXCL16 |
849 (739 to 1,311) |
907 (774 to 1,214) |
848 (682 to 1,454) |
0.967 |
| ENA-78 |
1,186 (813 to 1,746) |
1,146 (871 to 1,664) |
1,241 (780 to 1,886) |
0.927 |
| GRO |
9,570 (7,592 to 12,000) |
10,724 (8,644 to 12,000) |
9,284 (7,050 to 12,000) |
0.350 |
| IL-17 |
10 (0 to 27) |
13 (5 to 32) |
7 (0 to 25) |
0.141 |
| IL-17 F |
288 (57 to 4,888) |
344 (59 to 3,351) |
204 (58 to 4,980) |
0.872 |
| IL-18 |
589 (395 to 1,066) |
741 (463 to 1,224) |
514 (341 to 890) |
0.066 |
| IL-20 |
259 (92 to 836) |
422 (145 to 924) |
234 (68 to 727) |
0.098 |
| IL-23 |
249 (176 to 431) |
257 (219 to 699) |
240 (166 to 323) |
0.098 |
| IL-33 |
14 (4 to 73) |
17 (4 to 69) |
11 (4 to 83) |
0.866 |
| IL-6 |
149 (93 to 290) |
177 (106 to 317) |
136 (91 to 226) |
0.136 |
| IL-8 |
30 (21 to 62) |
42 (21 to 64) |
26 (22 to 46) |
0.366 |
| MMP-2 |
2,738 (1,941 to 4,050) |
3,762 (2,294 to 5,574) |
2,404 (1,915 to 3,263) |
0.027 |
| MMP-9 |
28,180 (21,104 to 34,808) |
27,370 (23,526 to 34,009) |
29,008 (17,682 to 35,779) |
0.940 |
| PlGF |
288 (148 to 979) |
453 (192 to 1,357) |
237 (117 to 721) |
0.043 |
| SDF-1 |
280 (117 to 1,554) |
750 (164 to 3,305) |
165 (84 to 1,006) |
0.035 |
| TGF-β1 |
1,453 (809 to 2,252) |
1,741 (1,065 to 2,424) |
1,196 (649 to 2,053) |
0.089 |
| Tie-1 |
5,099 (1,647 to 19,737) |
6,841 (1,896 to 31,161) |
4,039 (1,556 to 12,210) |
0.112 |
| Tie-2 |
14,735 (6,215 to 32,401) |
20,559 (7,426 to 47,483) |
11,436 (4,101 to 26,744) |
0.317 |
| TNFα |
6,755 (4,460 to 12,112) |
6,755 (4,539 to 12,869) |
6,362 (4,379 to 10,507) |
0.465 |
| VEGF |
1,193 (815 to 1,990) |
1,193 (871 to 2,178) |
1,193 (810 to 1,911) |
0.609 |
| VEGFR-1 |
485 (308 to 881) |
634 (366 to 1,001) |
471 (278 to 723) |
0.204 |
| VEGFR-2 |
1,014 (713 to 1,918) |
1,096 (869 to 1,807) |
1,005 (679 to 1,937) |
0.149 |
| VEGF-D | 32,097 (17,815 to 227,618) | 63,480 (26,776 to 600,000) | 27,545 (12,517 to 76,119) | 0.018 |
Data expressed as median (interquartile range). ANG, angiopoietin; ANGPTL4, angiopoietin-like protein-4; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; CXCL, CC-chemokine ligand; ENA-78, epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide-78; GRO, growth-related oncogene; IL, interleukin; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; PlGF, placental growth factor; SDF-1, stromal-cell derived factor-1; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor beta-1; Tie, tyrosine-kinase with immunoglobulin-like and endothelial growth factor-like domains; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. aMann–Whitney test.