Table 1.
Baseline and stress-induced cytokine levels (pg/ml) in the intervention and control conditions post treatment and at follow-up
| t = 0 minutes | t = 20 minutes | t = 40 minutes | t = 80 minutes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
IL-1β |
|
|
|
|
|
| Post-treatment |
IC |
92.39 (33.6) |
106.7 (41.4) |
111.3 (46.4) |
111.6 (45.4) |
| |
CC |
114.3 (38.6) |
130.9 (43.5) |
116.6 (37.0) |
136.7 (59.0) |
| Follow-up |
IC |
66.48 (18.8) |
77.43 (23.7) |
69.49 (20.1) |
70.89 (19.9) |
| |
CC |
119.0 (43.0) |
100.7 (32.5) |
98.13 (34.1) |
117.6 (41.2) |
|
IL-2 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Post-treatment |
IC |
28.11 (11.1) |
30.85 (11.9) |
34.83 (15.6) |
31.58 (13.4) |
| |
CC |
32.60 (14.0) |
42.86 (19.2) |
38.77 (17.3) |
47.51 (27.0) |
| Follow-up |
IC |
20.28 (7.20) |
25.27 (10.3) |
17.37 (7.23) |
19.32 (7.15) |
| |
CC |
35.89 (18.4) |
27.82 (14.1) |
28.12 (14.0) |
32.24 (15.4) |
|
IL-4 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Post-treatment |
IC |
48.22 (24.9) |
48.30 (21.0) |
48.98 (20.3) |
52.90 (25.7) |
| |
CC |
60.18 (29.3) |
72.79 (30.1) |
65.76 (28.4) |
65.39 (29.9) |
| Follow-up |
IC |
33.22 (13.9) |
35.16 (14.9) |
33.62 (12.6) |
33.08 (13.6) |
| |
CC |
56.48 (23.2) |
51.79 (20.0) |
50.91 (21.5) |
56.99 (24.8) |
|
IL-5 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Post-treatment |
IC |
20.94 (15.2) |
21.89 (15.3) |
23.24 (16.5) |
21.49 (15.6) |
| |
CC |
5.129 (2.17) |
7.887 (3.72) |
7.006 (2.94) |
8.948 (4.51) |
| Follow-up |
IC |
16.23 (12.8) |
15.89 (12.1) |
15.14 (12.1) |
17.60 (14.5) |
| |
CC |
7.368 (3.48) |
6.048 (2.95) |
5.929 (2.60) |
6.969 (3.11) |
|
IL-6 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Post-treatment |
IC |
36.46 (11.2) |
34.94 (9.69) |
38.80 (11.1) |
40.36 (11.2) |
| |
CC |
30.18 (9.36) |
41.18 (15.2) |
33.54 (10.7) |
39.57 (16.2) |
| Follow-up |
IC |
25.79 (7.51) |
23.39 (7.90) |
23.63 (6.41) |
23.18 (6.68) |
| |
CC |
31.20 (14.1) |
30.18 (12.0) |
29.22 (11.3) |
30.43 (11.6) |
|
IL-7 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Post-treatment |
IC |
70.11 (26.0) |
70.27 (24.8) |
73.62 (24.7) |
69.51 (27.2) |
| |
CC |
52.69 (16.5) |
63.65 (20.5) |
55.94 (18.5) |
60.73 (21.8) |
| Follow-up |
IC |
52.54 (23.4) |
54.54 (23.5) |
49.13 (19.6) |
53.32 (22.2) |
| |
CC |
52.80 (18.4) |
53.69 (18.0) |
48.64 (18.2) |
52.89 (19.1) |
|
IL-8 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Post-treatment |
IC |
22.14 (3.67) |
16.19 (3.70) |
17.02 (3.53) |
14.47 (3.41) |
| |
CC |
29.55 (6.50) |
34.04 (7.81) |
29.45 (6.75) |
28.18 (7.14) |
| Follow-up |
IC |
19.51 (4.28) |
13.97 (4.67) |
12.53 (4.00) |
10.37 (3.38)a |
| |
CC |
33.63 (6.68) |
33.46 (8.33) |
29.31 (7.83) |
23.64 (5.72) |
|
IL-10 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Post-treatment |
IC |
172.0 (75.2) |
183.7 (81.0) |
175.5 (80.0) |
164.7 (75.8) |
| |
CC |
49.33 (25.9) |
57.07 (31.8) |
73.55 (48.1) |
71.02 (45.9) |
| Follow-up |
IC |
72.67 (35.6) |
115.6 (54.6) |
85.90 (41.9) |
78.49 (37.4) |
| |
CC |
46.83 (26.8) |
43.63 (24.2) |
39.90 (20.9) |
50.27 (28.0) |
|
IFNγ |
|
|
|
|
|
| Post-treatment |
IC |
1.063 (0.39) |
1.070 (0.43) |
0.821 (0.33) |
0.706 (0.31) |
| |
CC |
1.545 (0.45) |
8.328 (4.98) |
6.623 (4.91) |
7.591 (5.70) |
| Follow-up |
IC |
0.857 (0.39) |
0.772 (0.32) |
0.925 (0.36) |
1.062 (0.38) |
| |
CC |
4.389 (2.87) |
8.535 (6.37) |
6.597 (4.98) |
7.377 (5,94) |
|
TNFα |
|
|
|
|
|
| Post-treatment |
IC |
31.40 (8.54) |
34.98 (8.95) |
34.82 (8.35) |
35.60 (10.7) |
| |
CC |
34.56 (12.4) |
39.35 (12.7) |
36.00 (11.1) |
35.45 (11.2) |
| Follow-up |
IC |
23.90 (5.75) |
26.44 (6.94) |
24.74 (5.89) |
25.19 (6.44) |
| CC | 26.26 (8.74) | 23.84 (7.17) | 25.04 (9.44) | 25.93 (8.92) |
Data presented as mean (± standard error of the mean). CC, control condition; IC, intervention condition; IFNγ, interferon gamma; IL, interleukin; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha. aSignificant between-group effect (P ≤0.05). Means at the four time points. Statistical analyses performed on ln-transformed data.