Table 3.
Changes in scores during three years of ChEI treatment in mild AD by APOE genotype
| |
MMSE score
a
|
MMSE score, change from baseline
a
|
MMSE score, improved/unchanged patients (%) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of non-carriers/ϵ4-carriers b | Non-carriers | ϵ4-carriers | P - value | Non-carriers | ϵ4-carriers | P -value | Non-carriers | ϵ4-carriers | P -value |
| Baseline (n = 225/493) |
23.3 (23.0, 23.5) |
23.4 (23.2, 23.6) |
0.326 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2 months (n = 213/469) |
24.0 (23.6, 24.4) |
24.0 (23.8, 24.3) |
0.843 |
0.64 (0.28, 1.00) |
0.60 (0.39, 0.80) |
0.834 |
73.2 |
72.7 |
0.926 |
| 6 months (n = 194/423) |
23.5 (23.0, 23.9) |
23.5 (23.2, 23.9) |
0.864 |
0.20 (−0.20, 0.59) |
0.17 (−0.12, 0.46) |
0.920 |
61.9 |
65.2 |
0.417 |
| 12 months (n = 178/388) |
22.7 (22.1, 23.3) |
22.9 (22.5, 23.3) |
0.597 |
−0.53 (−1.10, 0.04) |
−0.56 (−0.89, −0.22) |
0.945 |
56.2 |
54.4 |
0.716 |
| 18 months (n = 145/320) |
21.7 (20.9, 22.5) |
22.3 (21.9, 22.8) |
0.189 |
−1.53 (−2.29, −0.78) |
−1.18 (−1.57, −0.80) |
0.420 |
49.0 |
46.3 |
0.617 |
| 24 months (n = 130/292) |
21.0 (20.0, 22.0) |
21.5 (21.0, 22.1) |
0.361 |
−2.52 (−3.45, −1.60) |
−2.05 (−2.54, −1.57) |
0.377 |
44.6 |
40.8 |
0.522 |
| 30 months (n = 97/219) |
21.5 (20.5, 22.5) |
20.9 (20.2, 21.6) |
0.342 |
−2.04 (−3.03, −1.05) |
−2.74 (−3.36, −2.11) |
0.230 |
47.4 |
34.7 |
0.034 |
| 36 months (n = 91/199) |
21.0 (19.9, 22.2) |
20.3 (19.6, 21.1) |
0.325 |
−2.81 (−3.83, −1.80) |
−3.26 (−3.95, −2.57) |
0.471 |
35.2 |
31.7 |
0.591 |
| |
ADAS-cog (0 to 70) score
a
|
ADAS-cog (0 to 70) score, change from baseline
a
|
ADAS-cog (0 to 70) score, improved/unchanged patients (%) |
||||||
| Number of non-carriers/ϵ4-carriersb |
Non-carriers |
ϵ4-carriers |
P-value |
Non-carriers |
ϵ4-carriers |
P
-value |
Non-carriers |
ϵ4-carriers |
P
-value |
| Baseline (n = 220/488) |
17.8 (17.0, 18.6) |
17.1 (16.6, 17.7) |
0.220 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 6 months (n = 187/414) |
16.8 (15.9, 17.8) |
17.6 (16.8, 18.3) |
0.277 |
0.84 (0.09, 1.58) |
−0.57 (−1.22, 0.08) |
0.011 |
63.0 |
51.5 |
0.010 |
| 12 months (n = 171/376) |
18.1 (16.8, 19.4) |
18.5 (17.6, 19.3) |
0.666 |
0.06 (−0.84, 0.96) |
−1.78 (−2.50, −1.05) |
0.004 |
57.7 |
44.5 |
0.005 |
| 18 months (n = 137/306) |
19.4 (17.7, 21.1) |
19.5 (18.5, 20.5) |
0.893 |
−1.88 (−3.30, −0.47) |
−2.89 (−3.68, −2.11) |
0.185 |
48.1 |
38.8 |
0.075 |
| 24 months (n = 117/274) |
20.4 (18.2, 22.5) |
20.1 (18.9, 21.3) |
0.812 |
−3.34 (−4.98, −1.70) |
−4.07 (−4.96, −3.18) |
0.409 |
43.5 |
33.3 |
0.065 |
| 30 months (n = 92/203) |
20.7 (18.3, 23.1) |
21.7 (20.1, 23.3) |
0.526 |
−3.71 (−5.85, −1.58) |
−5.54 (−6.87, −4.22) |
0.139 |
42.2 |
28.7 |
0.031 |
| 36 months (n = 85/180) |
20.9 (18.2, 23.5) |
22.2 (20.3, 24.0) |
0.427 |
−4.96 (−7.24, −2.68) |
−6.78 (−8.28, −5.29) |
0.181 |
40.5 |
26.8 |
0.032 |
| |
IADL score
a
|
IADL score, change from baseline
a
|
IADL score, improved/unchanged patients (%) |
||||||
| Number of non-carriers/ϵ4-carriersb |
Non-carriers |
ϵ4-carriers |
P
-value |
Non-carriers |
ϵ4-carriers |
P
-value |
Non-carriers |
ϵ4-carriers |
P
-value |
| Baseline (n = 219/481) |
15.3 (14.7, 16.0) |
14.3 (13.8, 14.7) |
0.010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 6 months (n = 189/413) |
16.3 (15.6, 17.0) |
15.5 (15.0, 16.0) |
0.081 |
−1.07 (−1.45, −0.69) |
−1.14 (−1.41, −0.88) |
0.758 |
48.1 |
50.6 |
0.597 |
| 12 months (n = 175/379) |
17.6 (16.8, 18.4) |
16.8 (16.2, 17.4) |
0.123 |
−2.31 (−2.80, −1.82) |
−2.55 (−2.93, −2.16) |
0.482 |
34.3 |
34.8 |
0.923 |
| 18 months (n = 142/311) |
18.6 (17.6, 19.6) |
17.6 (16.9, 18.3) |
0.099 |
−3.64 (−4.29, −2.99) |
−3.63 (−4.09, −3.16) |
0.974 |
26.6 |
23.4 |
0.477 |
| 24 months (n = 128/283) |
19.8 (18.7, 20.9) |
18.4 (17.7, 19.1) |
0.029 |
−5.13 (−5.96, −4.29) |
−4.60 (−5.10, −4.10) |
0.268 |
18.4 |
17.9 |
0.889 |
| 30 months (n = 95/216) |
19.9 (18.7, 21.1) |
19.1 (18.3, 19.9) |
0.273 |
−5.11 (−6.07, −4.15) |
−5.71 (−6.34, −5.09) |
0.301 |
16.3 |
14.4 |
0.728 |
| 36 months (n = 91/191) | 20.3 (18.9, 21.7) | 19.7 (18.8, 20.6) | 0.500 | −6.23 (−7.31, −5.14) | −6.31 (−7.03, −5.60) | 0.895 | 17.0 | 12.1 | 0.266 |
aMean (95% confidence interval).
bNo difference in dropout was found between APOE ϵ4-carriers and non-carriers, χ2(1) = 0.148, P = 0.700.
For clarity, clinical improvements for all scales have been tabulated as positive changes from the start of ChEI treatment (baseline).
ADAS-cog, Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale; APOE, apolipoprotein E; ChEI, cholinesterase inhibitor; IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.