. 2013 Oct 7;5(5):44. doi: 10.1186/alzrt210

Table 4.

Factors affecting the long-term outcome with MMSE, ADAS-cog or IADL score as dependent variables

	MMSE		ADAS-cog		IADL
Percentage of variance accounted for, all fixed terms	28.6%, P <0.001		37.6%, P <0.001		60.9%, P <0.001
Significant predictors in final mixed models^a	β (95% CI)	P-value	β (95% CI)	P-value	β (95% CI)	P-value
Fixed terms
Intercept	−25.751	0.022	−14.101	0.048	0.808	0.728
Intercept	(−47.709, −3.793)	0.022	(−28.099, −0.102)	0.048	(−3.747, 5.363)	0.728
Time in months from baseline	−0.924	<0.001	0.480	0.019	0.154	<0.001
Time in months from baseline	(−1.201, −0.648)	<0.001	(0.078, 0.881)	0.019	(0.069, 0.239)	<0.001
Baseline assessment score	2.198	<0.001	1.696	<0.001	1.530	<0.001
Baseline assessment score	(1.272, 3.124)	<0.001	(0.931, 2.462)	<0.001	(1.262, 1.798)	<0.001
Baseline assessment score²		ns		ns	−0.021	<0.001
Baseline assessment score²		ns		ns	(−0.029, −0.013)	<0.001
Time in months × Baseline assessment score	0.028	<0.001	0.014	<0.001	−0.001	0.512
Time in months × Baseline assessment score	(0.019, 0.036)	<0.001	(0.008, 0.021)	<0.001	(−0.005, 0.003)	0.512
Time in months² × Baseline assessment score	−0.00007	<0.001	0.0002	0.002	−0.00006	0.043
Time in months² × Baseline assessment score	(−0.0001, −0.00004)	<0.001	(0.00006, 0.0003)	0.002	(−0.0001, −0.000002)	0.043
Background variables:
Gender (male = 0, female = 1)	−0.582	0.001		ns		ns
Gender (male = 0, female = 1)	(−0.233, −0.931)	0.001		ns		ns
APOE ϵ4 carrier (no = 0, yes = 1)		ns	1.278	0.015		ns
APOE ϵ4 carrier (no = 0, yes = 1)		ns	(2.307, 0.249)	0.015		ns
Solitary living (no = 0, yes = 1)		ns		ns	0.776	0.001
Solitary living (no = 0, yes = 1)		ns		ns	(1.253, 0.299)	0.001
Education (years)	0.089	0.011	−0.111	0.281	−0.051	0.328
Education (years)	(0.021, 0.158)	0.011	(−0.312, 0.090)	0.281	(−0.152, 0.051)	0.328
Time in months × Education, years	−0.010	0.002	0.016	0.017	0.011	0.001
Time in months × Education, years	(−0.016, −0.004)	0.002	(0.003, 0.028)	0.017	(0.005, 0.018)	0.001
Age at first assessment (years)	0.491	0.001	0.285	0.002	0.042	0.023
Age at first assessment (years)	(0.202, 0.780)	0.001	(0.101, 0.469)	0.002	(0.006, 0.078)	0.023
Time in months × Age	0.004	0.003	−0.009	<0.001		ns
Time in months × Age	(0.001, 0.006)	0.003	(−0.014, −0.004)	<0.001		ns
Baseline assessment score × Age	−0.022	<0.001	−0.015	0.004		ns
Baseline assessment score × Age	(−0.034, −0.010)	<0.001	(−0.025, −0.005)	0.004		ns
IADL score at baseline	−0.098	<0.001	0.225	<0.001	na
IADL score at baseline	(−0.135, −0.062)	<0.001	(0.117, 0.332)	<0.001	na
MMSE score at baseline	na		na		−0.238	<0.001
MMSE score at baseline	na		na		(−0.358, −0.118)	<0.001
ChEI dose^b	0.010	0.049	−0.044	0.002	−0.013	0.048
ChEI dose^b	(0.00004, 0.019)	0.049	(−0.071, −0.017)	0.002	(−0.026, −0.0001)	0.048
Random terms (variance)
Intercept	2.097	<0.001	17.298	<0.001	5.539	<0.001
Intercept	(1.647, 2.669)	<0.001	(13.849, 21.606)	<0.001	(4.473, 6.858)	<0.001
Time in months	0.026	<0.001	0.086	<0.001	0.027	<0.001
	(0.022, 0.031)		(0.071, 0.104)		(0.022, 0.032)

Age at onset, number of medications and specific concomitant medications used at baseline and the variable comparing the ChEI agents were not significant.

β values were unstandardized and are expressed per one unit increase for continuous variables and for the condition present in dichotomous variables.

^aBaseline assessment score = MMSE, ADAS-cog or IADL, respectively.

^bMean percentage of the maximum recommended dose, that is, 10 mg for donepezil, 12 mg for rivastigmine and 24 mg for galantamine.

Abbreviations: ADAS-cog, Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale; APOE, apolipoprotein E; ChEI, cholinesterase inhibitors; CI, confidence interval; IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; na not applicable; ns not significant.