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. 2013 Sep 12;15(5):R116. doi: 10.1186/ar4296

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Copyright © 2013 Alves et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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TNFα concentration in articular lavage fluid 24 hours after induction of papain injuries. Comparison of mean and standard deviation of the concentration of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in articular lavage fluid 24 hours after induction of papain injuries. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.001, Tukey's test compared with the control group. ##P < 0.001, Tukey's test compared with the injury group. ξP < 0.05, Tukey's test compared with the 50 mW low-level laser therapy (LLLT) group.