Table 4.

Benefits and challenges of the active immunotherapies for alzheimer’s disease

Advantages	Natural immune response
	Persistent amyloid-beta protein antibody titer levels
	Infrequent re-administrations
	Suitable for long-term therapy
	Good compliance
	Reduced cost
	Low antigen dose
	Potential polyclonal response
	Peak titers are reached gradually
	Avidity maturation of antibodies
	Reduced risk of anaphylaxis reactions
Disadvantages	Challenges
	Relies on patients’ own immune response
	Autoreactive T-cell responses need to be avoided
	An understanding of the relationship of responses to clinical outcomes is required
	Generation of antibody responses in older patients
	Development of tolerance to be avoided
	Risk of developing an autoimmune response
	Risk of developing amyloid-related imaging abnormalities