TABLE 1.

Measures

	Cronbach’s alphas and the number of items in parentheses	Sample question	Answer options
Demographic variables
Sex	NA (1) at T1	Are you female?	female (1), male (2)
Ethnicity	NA (1) at T1	What is your race?	African American (1), Puerto Rican (2) not working (0), semi-skilled worker (1), skilled worker (2), office worker (3), professional worker (4)
Parent occupation	NA (1) at T2	What kind of work does each parent do? The variable is the higher level of the parent occupation.
Parent education	NA (1) at T2	How far in school did each parent go?	GED or less (1), some high school (2), completed high school (3), technical school (4), some college (5), completed college (6)
		The variable is the higher level of parent education
Socioeconomic status	NA (1) at T2	Sum of parent occupation and parent education variables	NA
Cigarette smoking
Current cigarette smoking at T1, T2, T3, and T4	NA (1) at each time wave	How many cigarrettes do you currently smoke?	none (1), a few cigarettes or less a week (2), 1-5 cigarettes a day (3), about half a pack a day (4), about one pack a day (5), more than one pack a day ( 6 )
Past 5 year cigarette smoking at T2, T3, and T4	NA (1) at each time wave	How many cigarrettes did you smoke in the past 5 years?	Same as current cigarette smoking
Psychological symptoms
Low self control (Gough, 1987)	.68 (4) at T3 and .73 (4) at T4	Do you feel like losing your temper at people?	completely false (1), mostly false (2), mostly true (3), and completely true (4)
Depressive symptoms (Derogatis et al., 1974)	.81 (8) at T3 and .74 (5) at T4	Do you sometimes feel unhappy, sad, or depressed?	not at all (0), a little (1), somewhat (2), quite a bit (3), and extremely (4)
Physical depression (Costello et al., 1982)	.75 (6) at T3 and .78 (6) at T4	Over the last few years, how much were you bothered by loss of appetite?	Same as depressive symptoms
Anxiety (Derogatis et al., 1974)	.77 (3) at T3 and .78 (3) at T4	Over the last few years, how much were you bothered by feeling fearful?	Same as depressive symptoms
Interpersonal difficulty (Derogatis et al., 1974)	.76 (4) at T3 and .79 (4) at T4	Over the last few years, how much were you bothered by feeling easily s annoyed or irritated?	Same as depressive symptoms
Physical activity at T5	NA (1)	How often do you engage in moderate physical activity (i.e., using a vaccum, bowling)?	never (0), seldom (1), sometimes (2) most days (3), nearly every day (4), and every day (5)
Log of BMI at T5 (Brook, 2005)	NA (1)	$\mathrm{Ln}\left\{\frac{weight\left(lb\right)\times 703}{heigh{t}^2\left(inches\right)}\right\}$	NA

Notes.– T1: M age = 14.1 yr.; T2: M age =19.2 yr.; T3: M age = 24.4 yr.; T4: M age = 29.2 yr.; T5: M age = 32.0 yr. BMI was calculated using participants’ self reported height and weight. NA = Not applicable.