Table 2.
Recent Milestones in Animal Modeling
| Years | Researcher(s) | Milestone |
|---|---|---|
| 1902 | William Castle | Begins breeding mice for genetic studies |
| 1909 | Clarence Little | Begins inbreeding mice to eliminate variation |
| 1920s | Frederick Banting | Isolated canine insulin and effectively treated diabetic dogs |
| ca. 1930 | Little and MacDowell | First fully inbred mouse (20 brother × sister matings) achieved |
| 1940s | John Cade | Studied the use of lithium salts as an anticonvulsant in guinea pigs and translated his findings to treatments of depression |
| 1976 | Rudolf Jaenisch et al. | Developed first transgenic mouse |
| 1980s | Several | Extensive testing of drug safety and dosing regimens for HIV performed in rhesus macaques |
| 1987 | Capecchi, Evans, and Smithies | Developed first knockout mouse |
| 1997 | Wilmut and Campbell | First animal cloned from an adult somatic cell, Dolly the sheep |
| 2002 | Several | Mouse genome sequenced |
| 2004 | Several | Rat genome sequenced |
| 2009 | Aron Geurts et al. | Developed first knockout rat |