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. 2014 Apr 2;9:1677–1687. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S59172

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Effect of AgNPs and F co-exposure on cell survival. (A) Concentration-dependent toxicity of AgNPs and F on CRL-2014 cells. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. Co-exposure to both AgNPs and F significantly reduced cell survival compared to control cells and AgNPs- and F-treated cells, respectively; (B) increasing apoptotic effect of AgNPs and F on CRL-2014 cells. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Co-exposure to both AgNPs and F significantly increased apoptosis compared to control cells and AgNPs- and F-treated cells, respectively; (C) increasing levels of pro-apoptotic BAX gene. CRL-2014 cells exposed simultaneously to both AgNPs and F showed significantly higher level of Bax compared to controls and AgNPs- and F-treated cells, respectively; (D) effect of AgNPs and F on the expression level of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene. Co-exposure to both AgNPs and F significantly reduced the level of Bcl-2 compared to control cells and AgNPs- and F-treated cells, respectively.

Notes: *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001.

Abbreviations: AgNPs, silver nanoparticles; F, fluoride; mRNA, messenger RNA.