Table 1. Repeated-Measures MANOVA and Bonferroni Post Hoc Analyses for Within-Group Differences Across Time.
| Measure | Baselinea | Posttreatmenta | 4-month posttreatment follow-upa | F | p-values | Effect sizes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary caregiver | ||||||
| BASC-2 | 47.93 ± 5.25 | 48.21 ± 6.45 | 48.14 ± 7.83 | 0.04 | 0.00 | |
| BSI-18 | 42.79 ± 8.00 | 42.93 ± 8.11 | 45.07 ± 12.58 | 0.33 | 0.03 | |
| DFRQ | 1.98 ± 0.22 | 2.06 ± 0.27 | 2.17 ± 0.22*,** | 11.49 | <.01 | 0.47 |
| RCBRS | 3.97 ± 0.71 | 4.09 ± 0.66 | 4.30 ± 0.66 | 3.80 | <.05 | 0.23 |
| PedQL Generic | 81.43 ± 13.74 | 81.78 ± 13.29 | 84.29 ± 13.18 | 0.88 | 0.06 | |
| PedQL Diabetes | 64.12 ± 11.93 | 71.27 ± 11.71 | 75.97 ± 13.39* | 9.76 | <.01 | 0.43 |
| PedQL Family Impact | 71.08 ± 22.46 | 72.07 ± 17.87 | 74.45 ± 23.73 | 0.63 | 0.05 | |
| SCI | 3.40 ± 0.57 | 3.64 ± 0.46 | 3.59 ± 0.56 | 1.62 | 0.11 | |
| Youth | ||||||
| BASC-2 | 42.73 ± 6.33 | 42.53 ± 7.32 | 42.93 ± 6.50 | 0.08 | 0.00 | |
| DFRQ | 2.27 ± 0.18 | 2.35 ± 0.18 | 2.37 ± 0.15* | 5.35 | <.05 | 0.28 |
| RCBRS | 3.70 ± 0.83 | 3.91 ± 0.83 | 3.95 ± 0.62 | 1.33 | 0.09 | |
| PedQL Generic | 76.44 ± 11.07 | 74.33 ± 12.26 | 72.44 ± 13.11 | 1.65 | 0.11 | |
| PedQL Diabetes | 64.09 ± 8.29 | 63.63 ± 11.56 | 63.64 ± 13.66 | 0.01 | 0.00 | |
| SCI | 3.67 ± 0.61 | 3.87 ± 0.51 | 3.82 ± 0.49 | 2.35 | 0.14 |
Note. Boldface values indicate statistically significant findings. BASC-2 = Behavioral Assessment Scales for Children; BSI-18 = Brief Symptom Inventory; DFRQ = Diabetes Family Responsibility Questionnaire; RCBRS = Readiness to Change the Balance of Responsibility Scale; PedQL Generic = Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory–Generic Core Scales; PedQL Diabetes = Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory–Diabetes Module; PedQL Family Impact = Pediatric Quality of Life Family Impact Module; SCI = Self-Care Inventory.
a
Data are mean ± standard deviation.
*
p < 0.05, baseline versus 4-month posttreatment follow-up.
**
p < 0.05, posttreatment versus 4-month posttreatment follow-up.