Table 1.
Mean demographic and neuropsychological test results for stable and declining participants. Standard deviations are provided in parentheses.
| Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Stable (n=65) | Declining (n=34) | p | η2 |
| Age at baseline (years) | 72.2 (5.0) | 73.9 (4.7) | .087 | .030 |
| Education (years) | 15.0 (2.5) | 14.7 (3.0) | .548 | .004 |
| Test-Retest Interval (days) | 549.7 (39.2) | 560.9 (41.4) | .202 | .017 |
| Ethnicity | 100% Caucasian | 97% Caucasian, 3% Black | .343+ | - |
| Family History Status | 57% Dementia positive | 18 Dementia positive | .832= | - |
| APOE allele status | 20 ε4 positive | 20 ε4 positive | .001+ | - |
| Gender | 47F/18M | 24F/10M | 1.000+ | - |
|
| ||||
| Neuropsychological Measures | ||||
| MMSE | ||||
| Baseline | 29.4 (0.8) | 28.8 (1.3) | .015 | .061 |
| Follow-up | 29.5 (1.0) | 29.0 (1.3) | .034 | .046 |
| DRS-2 Total | ||||
| Baseline | 140.4 (3.0) | 139.4 (4.0) | .158 | .021 |
| Follow-up | 139.4 (2.1)* | 135.9 (4.9)* | <.001 | .143 |
| RAVLT Trials 1-5 | ||||
| Baseline | 50.0 (8.7) | 45.8 (8.2) | .022 | .053 |
| Follow-up | 49.9 (8.5) | 39.9 (7.3)* | <.001 | .274 |
| RAVLT Immediate Recall | ||||
| Baseline | 9.9 (2.3) | 8.5 (2.7) | .009 | .069 |
| Follow-up | 10.3 (2.6) | 7.3 (2.3)* | <.001 | .267 |
| RAVLT Delayed Recall | ||||
| Baseline | 9.9 (2.3) | 9.0 (2.8) | .123 | .025 |
| Follow-up | 10.2 (2.6) | 6.3 (2.4)* | <.001 | .360 |
| RAVLT Lost Access | ||||
| Baseline | 9.4 (3.4) | 11.4 (3.2) | .005 | .078 |
| Follow-up | 9.2 (3.4) | 12.6 (3.9) | <.001 | .162 |
| RAVLT Gained Access | ||||
| Baseline | 12.8 (3.0) | 14.7 (3.3) | .006 | .078 |
| Follow-up | 13.0 (2.7) | 13.7 (3.7) | .367 | .008 |
APOE = Apolipoprotein E; DRS-2 = Mattis Dementia Rating Scale-2; RAVLT = Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; p-values and η2 are for independent samples t-tests comparing the two groups.
+
Fisher's exact test used in place of independent samples t-test;
*
paired samples t-test revealed significant decrease (p < .05) from baseline to follow-up.