(A) mRNA bound to a classical-state 70S ribosome (17). (B) mRNA bound to the Fus complex with EF-G and pe*/E tRNA. The positions of proteins S3, S11 and S18 are shown as blue transparent molecular surfaces; also shown are the positions of EF-G; the anticodon stem-loops of EF-G, P-tRNA, E-tRNA and pe*/E tRNA; the Shine-Dalgarno helix (S/D). Elements of 16S rRNA are shown in cyan. The A-, P- and E-site codons for the mRNAs during complex formation are shown in yellow, orange and red, respectively. The mRNAs are numbered with +1 corresponding to the 5′ nucleotide of the P-site codon. (C,D) The conformations of the tertiary hairpin-like structures containing the intercalating bases C1397 and A1503 (shown in red) in (C) the classical-state ribosome and (D) the 70S·EF-G Fus complex. The structures of these features in the GDPNP I and II complexes are similar to those of the Fus complex. The universally conserved C1399-G1504 base pair is shown in dark blue.