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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Adolesc. 2014 Feb 15;37(3):269–279. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.01.004

Table 5.

Effects of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure on Adolescent Self-Reported Substance Use Related Problems at 15 Years

b (se) Odds Ratio (OR) 95% CI p
Prenatal cocaine exposure 1.02 (.36) 2.77 1.38 – 5.56 .004
Child sex, male .93 (.32) 2.54 1.37 – 4.71 .003
Maternal PPVT score − .02 (.01) .98 .96 – 1.00 .06
Prenatal alcohol exposure, average − .12 (.14) .89 .67 – 1.17 .39
Biologic mother’s GSI at birth .56 (.44) 1.75 .74 – 4.14 .21
HOME score − .05 (.02) .95 .91 – .99 .04
Parental monitoring − .46 (.23) .63 .41 – .99 .045
Pseudo R2 .18

Note. Variables that were tested but not included in the final model because they were not significant at p<.10 or didn’t cause substantial (>10%) change in the PCE coefficients are: biological mother’s age, education, parity, number of prenatal visits, maternal/caregiver non-verbal reasoning (WAIS-R), adolescent age and race, prenatal tobacco and marijuana exposure, parental attachment, violence exposure, blood lead level, and caregiver-reported externalizing behavior at age 10