Table 1. Characteristics of Studies Evaluating Surveillance PET or PET-CT.
| Author Year Country | Cancer | N | Age, y (Mean or Median, range) | Male (%) | Tumor stage | Study design (study duration*) | PET or PET-CT manufacturer, description | Time from treatment end to first PET-CT scan | PET or PET-CT frequency | Reference standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PET-CT | ||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Lymphoma | ||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Crocchiolo 2009(22) Italy |
Hodgkin lymphoma | 27 | 35 (median) |
nd | Stage I 4% Stage II 44% Stage III 33% Stage IV 19% | Retrospective cohort (1999-2006) |
-Discovery LS or Discovery ST, GE Medical Systems -CT used for attenuation correction |
nd | Every 4 months during first year, every 6 months in second and third year, yearly afterwards | Contrast enhanced CT scans, MRI, bone marrow biopsy, clinical exam |
| El-Galaly 2011(23) Denmark |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 52 | 61 | 60 | Ann Arbor stage I: 25% Ann Arbor stage II: 15% Ann Arbor stage III: 27% Ann Arbor stage IV: 33% |
Retrospective cohort (2006-2009) |
-Discovery VCT, GE Healthcare | nd | Mean 2.6 routine PET-CTs per patient | Biopsy and/or additional imaging/follow-up |
| Lee 2010(21) US |
Hodgkin lymphoma | 192 | 33 (median) |
50 | Early (stage IA-IIA) 48% Advanced (stage IIB-IV) 52% |
Retrospective cohort (2003-2006) |
-nd | nd | Variable | CT, biopsy |
| Rhodes 2006(24) US |
Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 41 | 13 (median) |
56 | I or II- 66% III or IV- 34% |
Retrospective cohort (1999-2004) |
-Discovery LS -CT used for attenuation correction |
nd | nd | Clinical exam, lab results, biopsy |
|
| ||||||||||
| Head and Neck Cancer | ||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Abgral 2009(25) France |
Squamous cell carcinoma | 91 | 57.4 | 86 | Negative scans: I- 7.7% II- 21.2% III- 17.3% IV- 53.8% Positive scans: I- 2.6% II- 17.9% III- 23.1% IV- 56.4% |
Prospective cohort (2005-2008) |
-Gemini GXLi, Philips -CT used for attenuation correction |
12.3 ± 4.1 for negative scans, 10.7 ± 4.7 for positive scans |
once | Physician interpretation of clinical exam |
|
| ||||||||||
| PET | ||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Lymphoma | ||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Hosein(27) 2011 Italy |
Mantle cell lymphoma | 34 | 69.1 | 73 | Unknown- 6% I- 20.5% II A+B - 3.8% III A+B+C – 69.7% |
Prospective cohort (2004-2011) |
Axis- Marconi Medical Systems, and Gemini TF-Philips Medical Systems | nd | Three times, at 6, 12, and 24 mo | Biopsy or curative surgery |
|
| ||||||||||
| Zinzani(26) 2009 Denmark |
Lymphoma | 421 | nd | nd | nd | Prospective cohort (2002-2007) |
GE Discovery tomograph, GE Medical Systems | 6 mo | Every 6 mo for first 2 yr, then annually | Imaging and/or biopsy and/or clinical exam |
|
| ||||||||||
| Colorectal | ||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Selvaggi(28) 2002 US |
Colorectal | 31 | 61 (43-79) |
61 | B2- 26%; C1- 42%, C2- 32% |
Retrospective cohort (1993-1998) |
PET EXACT 47, Siemens | 24 mo | Once | CT, biopsy, histology, surgery |
|
| ||||||||||
| Sobhani(20) 2008 US |
Colorectal | 65 | PET: 58.1 (11.2); Control: 62.0 (12.1) | nd | PET: 12.1% stage IV Control: 13.8% stage IV |
Randomized controlled trial (2001-2004) |
C-PET tomograph, Philips | 9 mo | Twice, at 9 and 15 mo | Histology from biopsy or curative surgery, or clinical exam, tumor markers, and imaging procedures |
|
| ||||||||||
| Head and Neck Cancer | ||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Lowe(29) 2000 France |
Head and neck | 30 | nd | nd | 100% stage III or IV | Prospective cohort (nd) |
ECAT 951/31, Siemens | 10 mo (also PET at 2 mo) | Twice (also PET at 2 mo) | Biopsy |
|
| ||||||||||
| Perie(30) 2007 France |
Squamous cell carcinoma | 43 | 56.8 (41-78) | 86 | 100% stage III or IV | Prospective cohort (2000-2003) |
C-PET, Adac laboratories | 12-14 mo | Once | Imaging, biopsy, or cytology |
|
| ||||||||||
| Salaun(31) 2007 France |
Squamous cell carcinoma | 30 | 59.3 (13.2) | 77 | Stage 1 7%, stage 27%, stage 3 27%, stage 4 40% | Retrospective cohort (2002-2005) |
Allegro, Philips | 21 (13.7) mo | Once | Imaging, histology |
nd = No data
*
Period during which patients were treated and seen for post-treatment consultation.