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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: RSC Adv. 2013 Dec 18;4(22):11251–11287. doi: 10.1039/C3RA47191H

Table 2.

Physical and thermodynamic properties of glymes

Glyme Freezing
point
(°C)		 Boiling
point
(°C)		 Dynamic
viscosity
(mPa s) at
20 °C		 p (mm
Hg) at
20 °Cd 		Density (g/mL) at
25 °Cv 		Flash point
(°C)e 		LD50
(mg/Kg)f 		Solubility
(20 °C)
Monoglyme (G1) −69.0b,c,h 85.2,b,h
85,c
84.5mm 		0.4236,o
0.432,q
0.417,bb
0.420,cc 0.455,ll
1.1(20 °C)b,h 		54b,h 0.86124,j
0.86207,n
0.86132,o 0.8605,q
0.8613,s 0.86114,t,u
0.864,w 0.86260,y
0.86155,z 0.8615,bb
0.8626,cc,dd
0.8612,ii 0.859,ll
0.86370,mm
0.8683 (20 °C),b,h
0.867 (20 °C),c
0.86765 (20 °C),gg 		−6b,c,h 5370b miscible with
H2O
Ethyl glyme (G1-Et) −74.0b,h 121,b
121.4,h
121.2mm 		0.593,bb 0.7
(20 °C),b
0.65
(20 °C)h 		9,b 9.4h 0.83607,z 0.8362,aa
0.8360,bb
0.83510,mm
0.8417(20 °C),b,h 		27b 4400b 20.4% in H2O,
3.3% H2O inb
Butyl glyme (G1-Bu) −69.1h 203.6,h
206
(dec)mm 		0.09h 0.83189,mm
0.8374(20 °C)h 		85h
(open cup)		 0.2wt% in
H2O, 0.6wt%
H2O inh
Diglyme (G2) −64.0,a,c
−70,g −68h 		162a,c,g 0.981,m
1.06,x
0.989,bb
0.985,cc
0.991,jj
0.976,nn 2.0
(20 °C),b,h
1.14(20 °C)x 		2,b 3.0
(100 °C)h 		0.93873,j
0.93882,k
0.93924,l 0.9394,m
0.93892,n
0.93871,t
0.93935,u 0.938,w
0.93897,y
0.93875,z 0.9385,bb
0.9389,cc 0.9399,jj
0.9397,kk
0.93961,nn
0.9434 (20 °C),a
0.944 (20 °C),c
0.945 (20 °C),g,h
0.94511 (20 °C)gg 		57,b 51c 4670b miscible with
H2O, ethanol,
diethyl ether
Ethyl diglyme (G2-Et) −44.3b 189b 1.238,bb
1.241,cc1.4
(20 °C)b 		0.5b 0.9082(20 °C),b
0.9028,z 0.9021,bb
0.9035cc 		90b 5000b miscible with
H2O
Butyl diglyme (G2-Bu) −60.2,b
−60c 		256b,c 2.122,cc 2.4
(20 °C)b 		<0.01b 0.8814(20 °C),b
0.884(20 °C),c
0.87830,z 0.8781cc 		118,b
120c 		3900b 0.3% in H2O,
1.4% H2O inb,c
Triglyme (G3) −43.8,a
−40,c
−45.0h 		218,a
220,c
216h 		1.96,r,nn
2.16,x 1.950,cc 3.8
(20 °C),b,h 		2.41(20 °C)x 0.02b,h 0.98001,i 0.98067,j
0.98117,l 0.9795,r
0.98058,t,u 0.981,w
0.98071,y 0.9807,cc
0.98042,ee
0.97981,ff
0.98023,nn
0.986 (20 °C),a,h
0.987 (20 °C),c
0.98569 (20 °C),gg
0.98541 (20 °C)hh 		111,b,h
113c 		5000b very soluble in
H2O, benzene
Tetraglyme (G4) −29.7,b,h
−30c 		275b,c,h 3.295,p
3.67,x
3.40,nn 4.1
(20 °C),b,h
4.18(20 °C)x 		<0.01b,h 1.00662,i 1.00564,j
1.00627,l 1.0047,p
1.00666,t
1.00668,u
1.00628,y
1.00620,ee
1.00743,nn
1.0132(20 °C),b,h
1.0(20 °C),c
1.0116 (20 °C),gg
1.01115 (20 °C)hh 		141b,c,h 5100b miscible with
H2O
Proglyme (P2) −71b,
−80c 		175b,c 1.1 (20 °C)b 0.55b 0.900(20 °C)b,c 65b,c — 35% in H2O,
4.5% H2O inb,c
PEG-DME 200 −37c >300c 4.3 mm2/s
(20 °C)c 		— 1.01–1.02 (20 °C)c 154c —
PEG-DME 250 −23c >300c 7 mm2/s
(20 °C),c
7.215 mm2/s
(20 °C),gg 		— 1.02–1.04(20 °C),c
1.0355 (20 °C)gg 		137c —
Polyglyme (MW=236)b −28b 275b 12 (20 °C)b 0.01b 1.03(20 °C)b 135b —
Polyglyme (MW=275)b −23b 275b 12 (20 °C)b <0.01b 1.04(20 °C)b >130b — miscible with
H2O
Higlyme (MW>400)b −5–10b >300b 34 (20 °C)b 0.1b 0.975(20 °C)b 140b — miscible with
H2O
PEG-DME 500 13c >300c 25 mm2/s
(20 °C)c 		— 1.05(50 °C)c 220c —
PEG-DME 1000 36c >300c 11 mm2/s
(100 °C)c 		— 1.10(50 °C)c 260c —
PEG-DME 2000 50c >300c 30 mm2/s
(100 °C)c 		— 1.08(60 °C)c 254c —

Note:

a

Ref,40

b

production specifications from Novolyte Technologies (now a part of BASF),

c

production specifications from Clariant (viscosity is kinematic viscosity),

d

vapor pressure,

e

closed cup,

f

acute toxicity,

g

Ref41,

h

Ref42,

i

Ref,43

j

Ref,44

k

Ref45 (this reference also reported other thermodynamic properties of diglyme at 25 °C such as dipole moment μ = 1.87 D, heat capacity Cp = 276.9 J mol−1 K−1, etc.),

l

Ref,46

m

Ref,47

n

Ref,48

o

Ref49 (densities and viscosities of monoglyme at 308.15 K and 318.15 K were also reported),

p

Ref,50

q

Ref,51

r

Ref52 (this reference also reported dielectric constant of 7.62 as well as refractive index and molar refraction for triglyme),

s

Ref,53

t

Ref54,

u

Ref,55

v

density data for monoglyme and diglyme were reported at temperatures between 293.15 K and 353.15 K and up to 60 MPa,56

w

Ref,57

x

Ref,58

y

Ref59 (density data at 288.18 and 308.15 K were also reported),

z

Ref,60

aa

Ref,61

bb

Ref62 (densities and viscosities were reported for several glymes from 288.15 K to 343.15 K),

cc

Ref,63

dd

Ref,64

ee

Ref,65

ff

Ref,66

gg

Ref67 (densities, kinematic viscosities and heat capacities were reported for several glymes including pentaethylene glycol dimethyl ether from 283.15 to 423.15 K),

hh

Ref68 (data on density, isentropic compressibility and isothermal compressibility of triglyme and tetraglyme were reported at 293.15–353.15 K and 0.1–100 MPa),

ii

Ref,69

jj

Ref,70

kk

Ref,71

ll

Ref,72

mm

Ref (densities, refractive indexes, and boiling points of other 1,2-disubstituted ethylene glycol derivatives such as propyl glyme were also reported),73

nn

Ref,74