Table 6.

Examples of Macroergonomic Practitioners’ Roles in a Hospital

Departments/Areas	Expertise	Project Examples
Risk management	Medical accident investigation	Work system analysis to identify all system factors that played a role in the accident
Risk management	Proactive risk assessment	Proactive risk assessment of hospital discharge process to reduce readmissions
Information Technology	Health IT design, implementation and evaluation	Managing the implementation of and evaluation of the impact of EHR systems on the entire work system
Clinical engineering	Proactive assessment of medical device, impact of procurement decisions on the work system	Proactive evaluation of smart IV pump technology implementation
Quality and patient safety	Large-scale change, safety culture	Safety culture evaluation and improvement efforts, use of participatory ergonomics approach
Infection control and prevention	(Re)designing work system to improve compliance with evidence based guidelines	Redesigning the work system (e.g. location of sinks and alcohol gel, increasing awareness, individualized feedback mechanisms) to improve compliance with hand hygiene guidelines
Facility management	Physical ergonomics; layout design; participatory ergonomics	Renovation of a clinical unit
Various clinical units	HFE; change management	Support to local change efforts, such as interdisciplinary rounds or hand hygiene