Figure 6.

Effect of lancemaside A on the activation of transcription factors and their upstream signaling cascades. (a) The phosphoprotein levels of p65, c-Jun, and c-Fos in the whole cell lysates of TNF-α-treated U937 cells were determined by immunoblotting analysis. ((b) and (c)) The phosphoprotein and total protein levels of IκBα, IKK, AKT, ERK, JNK, and β-actin from the cell lysates were determined by immunoblotting analysis. (d) The kinase activities of IKKα and IKKβ were determined by a direct kinase assay using purified enzymes. The value of the control, which received vehicle treatment, was set as 100% activity for each enzyme (IKKα or IKKβ). *P < 0.05 versus control.