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. 2014 Apr 2;13:67–76. doi: 10.4137/CIN.S12419

Table 1.

Principal characteristics of nonlinear techniques.

TECHNIQUES JABLONSKI DIAGRAM NUMBER OF PHOTONS CONTRAST MECHANICS INFORMATION
TPEF graphic file with name cin-13-2014-067f4.jpg 2 Electronics levels of the molecules Autofluorescence of some biological substances (NADH, FAD, etc.)
SHG graphic file with name cin-13-2014-067f5.jpg 2 Nonlinear properties of the medium Non centrosymmetric molecules with spatial organization (Collagen, Elastin, etc.)
THG graphic file with name cin-13-2014-067f6.jpg 3 Nonlinear properties of the medium Interfaces, optical inhomogeneities, (Cell edges, lipids)
CARS graphic file with name cin-13-2014-067f7.jpg 3 Vibrational levels of the molecules Chemical information (lipids, DNA)

Abbreviations: TPEF, two-photon excited fluorescence; SHG, second harmonic generation; THG, third harmonic generation; CARS, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering; W, frequency; Ω, vibrational level; NADH, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced; FAD, Flavin adenine dinucleotide.