Figure 13. Representative conformations of β-D mannose along the ${}^{4}C_1$ to ${}^{1}C_4$ isomerization.

The figure shows the projections of the atomic mean-force vectors for representative images along the final string. The vectors shown are defined as ${\mathrm{f}}_i^{\ast }=\frac{\mid {\mathrm{f}}_i\cdot \Delta {\mathrm{x}}_i\mid }{\mid {\mathrm{f}}_i\mid \mid \Delta {\mathrm{x}}_i\mid }{\mathrm{f}}_i$, i.e. they are the atomic mean forces along the displacement vector along the path. For clarity, only forces of magnitude larger than 400 kJoule/nm are displayed.