Table 1.
Descriptive statistics, overall and by breastfeeding group†
| Overall n=576 | BF < 6 months n=433‡ | BF ≥ 6 months n=139‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at assessment* | 16.7 (0.2) | 16.7 (0.2) | 16.7 (0.1) |
| Female | 48% | 48% | 47% |
| BMI z-score | 0.6 (1.1) | 0.6 (1.1) | 0.8 (1.2) |
| Overweight/obese | 38% | 37% | 40% |
| Age at first bottle (days)* | 112 (96) | 67.5 (52.9) | 249.4 (63.4) |
| Breakfast energy intake (kcal) | 624 (258) | 615 (276) | 654 (185) |
| Breakfast palatability | |||
| How did the breakfast look?a | 9.5 (0.8) | 9.5 (0.8) | 9.6 (0.6) |
| How did the breakfast smell?a | 9.3 (1.2) | 9.2 (1.1) | 9.3 (1.1) |
| How did the breakfast taste?a | 9.5 (0.9) | 9.4 (0.8) | 9.4 (1.2) |
| Taste in my mouth after the meal?a | 9.2 (1.3) | 9.1 (1.2) | 9.1 (1.5) |
| How tasty was the meal?b | 9.1 (1.2) | 9.1 (1.2) | 9.2 (1.1) |
| VAS | |||
| How hungry do you feel?c* | 1.2 (1.9) | 1.2 (2.0) | 0.8 (1.5) |
| How satisfied do you feel?d* | 7.8 (2.1) | 7.6 (2.1) | 8.1 (1.9) |
| How full do you feele* | 7.8 (2.3) | 7.6 (2.2) | 8.1 (2.1) |
| How much do you think you can eat?f | 4.2 (3.2) | 4.5 (3.1) | 3.2 (2.9) |
| Would you like to eat something sweet?g | 3.4 (3.3) | 3.5 (3.2) | 2.8 (3.3) |
| Would you like to eat something salty?g* | 3.0 (3.1) | 3.1 (3.1) | 2.3 (2.8) |
| Would you like to eat something savoury?g* | 4.2 (3.3) | 4.4 (3.3) | 3.4 (3.1) |
| Would you like to eat something fatty?g* | 1.7 (2.2) | 1.7 (2.2) | 1.4 (1.9) |
| EAH behavior | |||
| Ate EAH snack* | 48% | 54% | 34% |
| Snack energy intake (kcal)h* | 220 (175) | 234 (179) | 151 (132) |
†
Values are either frequency or mean (SD)
‡
BF missing for 4 participants
*
p<0.05 for comparisons between BF groups
a
0=“bad”, 10=“good”
b
0=“not tasty at all”, 10=“very tasty”
c
0=“not hungry at all”, 10=“never been more hungry”
d
0=“completely empty”, 10=“cannot eat another bite”
e
0=“not at all full”, 10= “totally full”
f
0=“nothing at all”,10=“a lot “
g
0=“not at all”, 10=“very much”
h
Among those who ate EAH snack (n=277)
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BF, breastfeeding as the sole source of milk; VAS, visual analogue scale; EAH, eating in the absence of hunger