Table 1.

Participant Characteristics for Experiments 1 and 2

	Experiment 1						Experiment 2
	Mean			SD			Mean			SD
	YA	YO	OO	YA	YO	OO	YA	YO	OO	YA	YO	OO
Age (yrs)	20.3*	66.6	78.9*	3.2	3.7	3.7	20.2*	67.0	79.6*	2.4	4.0	3.6
Education (yrs)	14.0*	15.3	14.7	1.7	3.0	2.5	13.8*	15.2	15.0	1.4	2.4	2.7
GDS (30 max)	1.9	1.2	1.3	2.1	1.5	2.1	1.4	1.5	2.2	1.9	2.3	2.0
WASI Vocab. (80 max)	58.8*	68.5	65.8	6.5	7.5	8.8	58.4*	66.0	64.0	5.5	8.4	6.7
Snellen acuity (20/___)	15.4*	22.3	24.5	3.7	6.1	6.8	15.4*	25.2	25.5	3.6	6.4	6.6
MMSE (30 max)	29.3	29.3	28.9	0.9	1.0	1.1	29.5	29.5	29.1	0.7	0.9	1.0

Note. SD = standard deviation. YA = young adults, YO = young-old adults, OO = old-old adults; GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale. Maximum score is 30, with a higher score indicating more endorsed symptoms of depression. WASI = Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (Wechsler, 1999). Maximum score on the vocabulary subscale is 80 points, with a higher score indicating better performance. Snellen acuity = denominator of the Snellen fraction for corrected near vision. A smaller number indicates better vision. MMSE = Mini Mental State Examination. Maximum score is 30 points, with a higher score indicating better performance.

^*mean scores differed significantly from the young-old adult group according to a Student-Newman-Keuls t test, p < .05