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Schematic illustration of the fabrication of Fab′-NPs. First, CD98 antibodies were digested and reduced to generate Fab′-SH. Next, NPs were coated with a hetero-bifunctional cross-linker (MAL-PEG-NHS), yielding maleimide-functionalized PEG-NPs (MAL-PEG-NPs). Finally, MAL-PEG-NPs were reacted with Fab′-SH to obtain the final NPs (Fab′-NPs).
