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. 2014 Feb 5;34(4):724–734. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.8

Table 3. Labeled amounts and % enrichment in glutamate, glutamine, GABA, and aspartate.

Amounts (nmol/g tissue) or % excess enrichment (%) Sham, n=8
 HI, n=9
 Si versus HIi Sc versus HIc Si versus Sc HIi versus HIc
 
 Ipsilateral
 Contralateral
 Ipsilateral
 Contralateral
  
  
  
  
Glycolysis and PDH
 [4,5-13C] Glutamate 189.8±18.6 193.5±22.6 109.3±10.3 136.3±17.2 ** 0.06   *
 [1,2-13C] GABA 15.5±1.7 15.0±1.5 7.6±1.1 8.8±1.5 *** **    
 [4,5-13C] Glutamine 32.5±4.3 32.8±4.4 17.8±2.0 20.3±2.7 * *    
 [1,2-13C] Aspartate 24.6±3.2 24.1±3.4 11.7±1.3 14.0±2.1 ** *   0.09
 [3,4-13C] Aspartate 28.5±3.4 30.2±3.8 15.3±1.9 18.5±2.6 ** * 0.08 *
 [1,2-13C] Glutamate 28.4±2.3 28.4±3.1 15.5±2.0 19.9±2.9 *** 0.06   0.08
 [1,2-13C] Glutamine 6.8±0.9 6.6±0.5 4.5±0.3 5.1±0.6 * 0.06    
 % [4,5-13C] Glutamate 4.52±0.60 4.68±0.60 2.66±0.25 2.94±0.36 * *   0.06
 % [1,2-13C] GABA 1.40±0.20 1.34±0.14 0.47±0.08 0.73±0.13 ** **   *
 % [4,5-13C] Glutamine 1.23±0.17 1.29±0.18 0.74±0.08 0.77±0.10 * *    
 % [1,2-13C] Aspartate 2.14±0.25 2.14±0.25 1.22±0.11 1.33±0.17 ** *    
 % [3,4-13C] Aspartate 2.48±0.27 2.69±0.26 1.59±0.15 1.78±0.19 * * ** *
 % [1,2-13C] Glutamate 0.67±0.07 0.69±0.08 0.37±0.04 0.43±0.06 ** *    
 % [1,2-13C] Glutamine 0.26±0.03 0.26±0.02 0.19±0.02 0.19±0.02 0.08 *    
                 
PPP and PDH
 [4-13C] Glutamate 8.0±2.3 8.8±2.4 0.5±0.3 1.7±0.9 * *    
 [2-13C] GABA NA NA NA NA        
 [4-13C] Glutamine NA NA NA NA        
 % [4-13C] Glutamate 0.20±0.06 0.22±0.06 0.01±0.01 0.04±0.02 * *    
 % [2-13C] GABA NA NA NA NA        
 % [4-13C] Glutamine NA NA NA NA        
                 
Glycolysis and PC
 [2,3-13C] Glutamate 15.7±0.8 15.8±1.2 12.6±0.8 13.8±1.3 *      
 [3,4-13C] GABA ND ND ND ND        
 [2,3-13C] Glutamine 24.9±2.1 23.9±2.7 17.2±1.8 20.8±2.7 *     0.07
 [2,3-13C] Aspartate 10.1±0.9 9.9±0.8 5.8±0.6 6.0±0.9 *** **    
 % [2,3-13C] Glutamate 0.37±0.03 0.38±0.03 0.31±0.02 0.30±0.03 0.13 0.06    
 % [3,4-13C] GABA ND ND ND ND        
 % [2,3-13C] Glutamine 0.94±0.08 0.94±0.11 0.71±0.08 0.79±0.11 0.07      
 % [2,3-13C] Aspartate 0.89±0.07 0.90±0.05 0.62±0.06 0.58±0.07 ** **    

HI, hypoxic-ischemia; ND, not detectable; NA, not labeled above natural abundance; PC, pyruvate carboxylase; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; PPP, pentose phosphate pathway; NMRS, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; P7, postnatal day 7.

P7 rats were injected with [1,2-13C]glucose and brain extracts were analyzed using 13C-NMRS. For more details, see Materials and Methods. Results are presented as mean±s.e.m. Isotopomeres labeled via the same metabolic pathways are listed together: top=labeled via glycolysis followed by PDH; middle=labeled via PPP followed by PDH; bottom=labeled via glycolysis followed by PC. P values are given in the four columns to the right: Si versus HIi=ipsilateral sham versus ipsilateral HI; Sc versus HIc=contralateral sham versus contralateral HI; Si versus Sc=ipsi- versus contralateral hemisphere in sham; HIi versus HIc=ipsi- versus contralateral hemisphere in HI. Near significant P values (<0.1) are given in numbers. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.