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The summary of the effective contact radius, effective contact stress and representative strain for various tip geometries.
| tip geometry |
effective contact radius (ac) | effective contact stress | representative strain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sphere |  |
 |
 |
|
| cylindrical punch | R | 0.1433cos2θ + 0.205cosθ + 0.0191a | ||
| cone |  |
|||
| pyramid | triangle-base |  |
||
| square-base |  |
|||
aThis empirical expression is based on best fitting of the raw data in [41], see appendix A.
