Table 12.
Injection moulded properties of PLA containing various commercial impact modifiers.
| Manufacturer | Impact modifier (IM) | Nature | Characteristics of PLA/IM | Optimal load in PLA | IM loading (%) | Notched izod impact (J/m) | Tensile yield (MPa) | Elongationa (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sukano | Sukano® PLA im S550 (Sukano Co., 2008; Scaffaro et al., 2011) | Linear elastomer | Transparent, compostable, cost effective, immiscible | 4% (impact resistance improved by a factor of 10) | 8 | 141 (87) | 8 (3) | |
| Sukano® PLA im S555 (Co, 2010) | Linear elastomer | Transparent, compostable, cost effective | ||||||
| PolyOne | OnCap™ BIO Impact T (http://www.polyone.com/en-us/docs/Documents/OnCap%20BIO%20Impact%20T.pdf. Accessed on 2008.; http://www.polyone.com/en-us/news/Press%20Release%20Attachments/Chinaplas%20OnCap%20BIO%20impact%20T.pdf. Accessed on April 19, 2010.; Scaffaro et al., 2011) | Linear elastomer | Transparent, tear resistant, immiscible | 12.5 | 124 (87) | 8 (3) | ||
| DuPont | Biomax® Strong 100 (DuPont Co., 2010). | Ethylene-acrylate copolymer | Non-food applications | <5% for good toughness and clarity | 12 | 255 | ||
| Biomax® Strong 120 | Ethylene-acrylate copolymer | Food packaging | ||||||
| Hytrel™3078 | Aliphatic/aromatic copolyester | Very compatible | 5–10% (High elongation at break and impact properties) | 30 | 198 (27) | 34 (62) | 430 (10) | |
| Rohm and Hass | Polaroid™ BPM-500 | Acrylic-based | Transparent | 3–5% (dart drop impact increased by four time with respect to neat PLA) | ||||
| Polaroid™ KM 334 | 15 | 59 (27) | 37 (62) | 165 (10) | ||||
| Polaroid™ BTA 753 | 20 | 112 (27) | 36 (62) | 300 (10) | ||||
| Polaroid™ EXL 3691A | 20 | 64 (27) | 43 (62) | 280 (10) | ||||
| Polaroid™ EXL 2314 | 20 | 53 (27) | 38 (62) | 250 (10) | ||||
| Dow chemical company | Polaroid™ BPM-515 | Acrylic-based | Transparent | 1% (higher efficiency than Polaroid™ BPM-500) | ||||
| Pellethane™2102-75A | 30 | 769 (27) | 42 (62) | 410 (10) | ||||
| Arkema | Biostrength™ 130 | Acrylic core-shell structure | Transparent | 2–6 wt.% | ||||
| Biostrength™ 150 | MMA-butadiene-styrene core-shell structure | Opaque | 2–6 wt.% | |||||
| Biostrength™ 280 | Acrylic core-shell structure | Transparent | 2–6 wt.% | |||||
| Procter and gamble metabolix | Nodax™ | Aliphatic copolyester (PHA) | 10–20 wt.% (rubber domains size 0.2–1.0 μm) | |||||
| Karton polymers LLC. | Karton™FG 1901X | Functionalized Elastomer | 20 | - | 33 (62) | 100 (10) | ||
| BASF | Ecoflex™ | Aliphatic/aromatic copolyester | Very compatible | 5–10% (High elongation at break and impact properties | 30 | 128 (27) | 43 (62) | 100 (10) |
| Showa higher polymer | Bionelle™3001 | Aliphatic polyester | 15 | 48 (27) | 59 (62) | 230 (10) | ||
| Crompton corporation | Blendex™ 415 | 15 | 48 (27) | 44 (62) | 230 (10) | |||
| Blendex™ 360 | 20 | 107 (27) | 47 (62) | 280 (10) | ||||
| Blendex™ 338 | ABS resin (70% of butadiene) | 20 | 518 (27) | 43 (62) | 281 (10) | |||
| Reference | PLA | 0 | 10 |
a
According to ASTM D-638 at 2.0 inch/min.