Table 1.
List of some permitted food additives that could be used as active agents in packaging materials (Suppakul et al., 2003) (with permission).
| Additive | Code assigned by legislative authority | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Australia/New Zealand1 | Europe2 | USA3 | |
| Acetic acid | 260 | E260 | GRAS |
| Benzoic acid | 210 | E210 | GRAS |
| Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) | 320 | E320 | GRAS |
| Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) | 321 | E321 | GRAS |
| Carvarcol | FA | ||
| Citral | GRAS | ||
| Citric acid | 330 | E330 | GRAS |
| p-Cresol | FA | ||
| EDTA | FA | ||
| Estragloe (methyl chavicol) | GRAS | ||
| Ethanol | E1510 | GRAS | |
| Ethyl paraben | E214 | GRAS | |
| Eugenol | GRAS | ||
| Geraniol | GRAS | ||
| Glucose oxidase | 1102 | GRAS | |
| Hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) | E239 | ||
| Konjac glucomannan | E425 | GRAS | |
| Lactic acid | 270 | E270 | GRAS |
| Lauric acid | FA | ||
| Linalool | GRAS | ||
| Lysozyme | 1105 | E1105 | GRAS |
| Mallic acid | 296 | E296 | GRAS |
| Methyl paraben | 218 | E218 | |
| Natamycin | 235 | E235 | FA |
| Nisin | 234 | E234 | GRAS |
| Phosphoric acid | 338 | E338 | GRAS |
| Polyphosphate | E452 | GRAS | |
| Potassium sorbate | 202 | E202 | GRAS |
| Propionic acid | 280 | E280 | GRAS |
| Propyl paraben | 216 | E216 | GRAS |
| Sodium benzoate | 211 | E211 | GRAS |
| Sorbic acid | 200 | E200 | GRAS |
| Succinic acid | E363 | GRAS | |
| Sulfur dioxide | 220 | E220 | GRAS |
| Tartaric acid | 334 | E334 | GRAS |
| Teritiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) | 319 | FA | |
| α-Terpineol | FA | ||
| Thymol | FA | ||
Source: CFR (1988); Davidson and Branen (1993); Maga and Tu (1995); Luck and Jager (1997); Saltmarsh (2000); Taubert (2000).
Assignment of a number signifies that additive is approved by the Australian and New Zealand Food Authority (ANZFA) and The Australian New Zealand Food Standards Council (ANZFSC) as being safe for food use.
Assignment of an “E” number signifies that additive has been approved by the European Communities (EC), Scientific Committee on Food (SCF).
Classification in accordance with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Title 21 of the code of Federal Regulations (21 CFR) wherein substances intended for use in the manufacture of foodstuffs for human consumption are classified into 3 categories: food activities (FA), prior-sanctioned food ingredients and substances generally recognized as safe (GRAS).