Table 3.
Prevalence and nature of the potential clinically significant drug interactions in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral (ARV) therapy
| ARV and co-prescribed drug interaction | Frequency of occurrence
|
Rating of the clinically significant drug interactiona |
|---|---|---|
| n (%) | ||
| Nevirapine + artemether/lumefantrine | 170 (28.5) | C |
| Nevirapine + fluconazole | 58 (9.7) | C |
| Zidovudine + fluconazole | 55 (9.2) | C |
| Zidovudine + rifampicin | 35 (5.9) | C |
| Nevirapine + prednisolone | 31 (5.2) | C |
| Zidovudine + ibuprofen | 27 (4.5) | C |
| Efavirenz + rifampicin | 27 (4.5) | C |
| Zidovudine + clarithromycin | 24 (4.0) | C |
| Nevirapine + clarithromycin | 19 (3.2) | C |
| Lamivudine + frusemide | 19 (3.2) | C |
| Nevirapine + furosemide | 15 (2.5) | C |
| Abacavir + metronidazole | 15 (2.5) | C |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir + artemisinin-based combination therapy | 15 (2.5) | C |
| Efavirenz + loratadine | 15 (2.5) | C |
| Efavirenz + artemisinin-based combination therapy | 13 (2.2) | C |
| Nevirapine + rifampicin | 8 (1.3) | X |
| Lamivudine + sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine | 8 (1.3) | C |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir + artemisinin/amodiaquine | 7 (1.2) | C |
| Efavirenz + artemisinin/amodiaquine | 5 (0.8) | X |
| Efavirenz + clarithromycin | 5 (0.8) | C |
| Nevirapine + ketoconazole | 4 (0.7) | X |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir + proguanil | 4 (0.7) | C |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir (solution) +metronidazole | 4 (0.7) | C |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir + loratadine | 4 (0.7) | C |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir + frusemide | 4 (0.7) | C |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir + prednisolone | 4 (0.7) | C |
| Total potential drug –drug interactions identified | 596 (100%) |
Notes:
a
C = moderate/monitor therapy; X = contraindicated/avoid combination.27