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Postoperative fentanyl requirement in the recovery room. Data are the mean ± SD. The fentanyl requirement at 5 minutes and 15 minutes after surgery in the esmolol group and the ketamine group was less than in the control group, as was the total amount of fentanyl administered during the first hour after surgery in the recovery room (*P < 0.05, †P < 0.05). There was no difference between the esmolol and ketamine groups.
