. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Apr 11.

Published in final edited form as: J Opioid Manag. 2014 Mar-Apr;10(2):95–102. doi: 10.5055/jom.2014.0198

Table 2.

Major Themes Explaining Adoption, Non-adoption, and Selective Adoption of Opioid Treatment Agreements by Primary Care Physicians

Adoption was characterized by:

Perceived positive effect of OTAs on the therapeutic alliance: OTAs enhance collaboration

Belief about the utility of OTAs: OTAs protect or reassure the provider

Non-adoption was characterized by:

Perceived negative effect of OTAs on the therapeutic alliance: OTAs convey mistrust and reinforce power differential

Belief about the utility of OTAs: Doubt that OTAs deter opioid misuse

Selective adoption was characterized by:

Ambivalence about the effect on the therapeutic alliance

Ambivalence about the utility of OTAs

Decision to use OTA based on provider’s perception of individual patient’s risk of misuse