Figure 2.

DKK-1 levels in the vitreous of PDR. (a) Comparison of DKK-1 concentrations between proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients and controls. (b) Comparison of total vitreous proteins concentrations between PDR patients and controls. (c) Comparison of DKK-1 levels (ratio of DKK-1 to total vitreous proteins (pg/mg)) after adjusting for the total vitreous proteins between PDR patients and controls. Controls were non-diabetic patients with other retinal pathologies consisting of idiopathic macular holes patients (n=12), hegmaogenous retinal detachment (n=8), idiopathic epiretinal membrane (n=5). Data were analyzed with Mann–Whitney U-test. The boxes represent the 25th and 75th percentiles (the lower and upper quartiles, respectively), and the band near the middle of the box represents the 50th percentiles (the median). The ends of the whiskers represent the minimum and maximum.