Exhibit 2. Summarized Longitudinal Model Results: Cost and Utilization Trajectories in the Pre- and Post-Implementation Periods.

	Group 1			Group 2			Group 3
	Monthly Pre-Period Trend	Monthly Post-Period Trend	Diff.-in-Diff. [95% CI]	Pre	Post	Diff.-in-Diff. [95% CI]	Pre	Post	Diff-in-Diff [95% CI]
COSTS
Ambulatory Medical Cost: Total
Intervention	4.39%	3.48%	2.56**	6.17%	3.11%	-1.98***	3.74%	1.07%		-0.91
Controls	6.58%	3.01%	[0.76,4.40]	3.55%	2.59%	[-3.08,-0.86]	2.83%	1.10%		[-2.75,0.96]
Ambulatory Medical Cost: Laboratory
Intervention	0.20%	0.43%	0.66	0.23%	0.45%	0.10	-0.06%	0.21%		0.18
Controls	0.63%	0.19%	[-0.08,1.41]	0.11%	0.23%	[-0.35,0.55]	0.02%	0.11%		[-0.41,0.78]
Ambulatory Medical Cost: Radiology
Intervention	1.24%	1.23%	0.12	1.04%	1.11%	-0.54	1.52%	0.50%		-1.63*
Controls	0.97%	0.84%	[-1.11,1.36]	0.13%	0.74%	[-1.31,0.24]	-0.03%	0.60%		[-2.88,-0.36]
VISITS
Ambulatory Visits
Intervention	0.32%	0.79%	0.84**	1.06%	0.66%	-0.60**	0.62%	0.10%		-0.18
Controls	0.93%	0.55%	[0.25,1.44]	0.34%	0.54%	[-0.97,-0.22]	0.48%	0.14%		[-0.78,0.42]
Evaluation and Management Visits
Intervention	0.18%	0.79%	0.51*	0.73%	0.58%	-0.49**	0.41%	0.11%		-0.30
Controls	0.35%	0.45%	[0.03,1.00]	0.15%	0.48%	[-0.80,-0.18]	0.16%	0.17%		[-0.80,0.19]

^*p<0.05,

^**p<0.01,

^***p<0.001

NOTE. Negative difference-in-differences reflect savings in intervention relative to control communities.

SOURCE: Authors' analysis.