Table 3.
Mixed Models for the Separate Relationships Between Leisure Satisfaction, Depressive Symptoms, and Inflammatory Biomarkers
| TNF-α | IL-6 | IL-8 | IFG | CRP | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predicting variables | Estimate | SE | Estimate | SE | Estimate | SE | Estimate | SE | Estimate | SE |
| Total leisure satisfaction (Model 1a) | −0.001* | 0.001 | −0.002 | 0.001 | −0.003** | 0.001 | −0.004* | 0.002 | −0.001 | 0.002 |
| Leisure activities frequency (Model 1b) | −0.003 | 0.002 | −0.003 | 0.004 | −0.005* | 0.002 | −0.004 | 0.005 | −0.003 | 0.006 |
| Leisure activities enjoyment (Model 1c) | −0.003* | 0.002 | −0.005 | 0.003 | −0.008*** | 0.002 | −0.012** | 0.004 | < −0.001 | 0.005 |
| Depressive symptoms (Model 2) |
<0.001 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.003 | -0.003 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.005 | 0.006 |
Notes. BMI = body mass index; CRP = C-reactive protein; IL-6 = interleukin-6; IL-8 = interleukin-8; IAG = interferon-γ; MAP = mean arterial pressure; SE = standard error; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-α.
Data are given as log-transformed slopes (SE).
Estimates were adjusted for time of assessment, baseline age, gender, education, years caregiving, placement status of spouse, deceased status of spouse, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, aspirin, cholesterol-lowering drugs, antidepressant drugs, MAP, BMI, low-density cholesterol to high-density cholesterol ratio, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and subjective sleep quality.
*p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001.