Table 4.

Mixed Model for the Mutual Relationship Between Total Leisure Satisfaction, Depressive Symptoms, and Inflammatory Biomarkers

	TNF-α		IL-6		IL-8		IFG		CRP
Parameter	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE
Intercept	0.728***	0.029	−0.007	0.058	0.712***	0.037	0.034	0.069	0.170	0.094
Time	0.011	0.008	0.036*	0.016	−0.027*	0.011	−0.108***	0.021	0.045	0.027
Age baseline	0.005**	0.001	0.005	0.003	0.001	0.002	<0.001	0.003	0.003	0.005
Female gender	0.020	0.024	0.038	0.053	0.064*	0.029	0.184**	0.055	0.072	0.082
Education	< −0.001	0.003	−0.006	0.008	−0.003	0.004	0.002	0.008	−0.011	0.012
Years caregiving	−0.003	0.003	0.002	0.007	0.002	0.003	0.006	0.007	0.016	0.010
Spouse placed	−0.001	0.026	−0.047	0.050	−0.059	0.033	−0.043	0.063	0.016	0.082
Spouse deceased	−0.008	0.032	0.011	0.061	−0.064	0.041	−0.063	0.078	−0.119	0.100
CVD	0.009	0.024	0.010	0.048	−0.013	0.031	−0.020	0.059	−0.029	0.079
Diabetes	0.016	0.030	−0.061	0.062	0.097*	0.038	0.074	0.071	−0.054	0.099
Aspirin	−0.008	0.020	−0.045	0.038	0.006	0.027	−0.034	0.049	−0.015	0.062
Cholesterol drug	0.036	0.020	0.031	0.041	0.037	0.025	0.035	0.047	−0.089	0.066
Antidepressant drug	0.015	0.021	0.001	0.044	0.030	0.027	0.029	0.052	0.122	0.070
Mean arterial pressure	<0.001	0.001	<0.001	0.002	−0.001	0.001	< −0.001	0.002	−0.001	0.003
Body mass index	−0.001	0.002	0.009	0.005	−0.004	0.003	−0.009	0.005	0.016*	0.007
LDL-C:HDL-C	0.021	0.014	0.020	0.028	0.027	0.017	−0.022	0.033	0.066	0.045
Ever smoker	0.019	0.020	0.078	0.044	0.036	0.025	−0.017	0.048	0.023	0.068
Physical activity	0.002	0.006	−0.007	0.012	−0.008	0.008	−0.013	0.015	−0.027	0.019
Alcohol consumption	0.001	0.002	0.001	0.003	0.003	0.002	0.004	0.004	−0.002	0.005
PSQI	0.003	0.003	0.007	0.006	0.006	0.004	0.005	0.007	−0.006	0.009
ADL/IADL	−0.004	0.002	−0.008	0.004	−0.007*	0.003	−0.005	0.005	−0.006	0.007
Depressive symptoms	−0.001	0.002	0.003	0.004	−0.007**	0.002	−0.001	0.005	0.004	0.006
Total leisure satisfaction	−0.002*	0.001	−0.001	0.002	−0.004***	0.001	−0.004*	0.002	< −0.001	0.002

Notes. ADL/IADL = total activities of daily living/instrumental ADL requiring help; CRP = C-reactive protein; CVD = cardiovascular disease; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IL-6 = interleukin-6; IL-8 = interleukin-8; IFG = Interferon-γ; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-α.

All independent variables were centered to the mean such that the intercepts show the mean biomarker concentrations in the entire sample. Categorical variables were contrast coded as female gender (+0.5) vs. male gender (−0.5), CVD (+0.5) vs. no CVD (−0.5), diabetes (+0.5) vs. no diabetes (−0.5), medications (+0.5) vs. no medications (−0.5), ever smoker (+0.5) vs. never smoker (−0.5), and caregiver (+0.5) vs. noncaregiver (−0.5). “Placed spouse” and “spouse deceased” indicate the immediate change in the biomarker concentration assessed 3 months after the respective transition. “Time” indicates the change in the biomarker concentration per each assessment the participant was in the study.

Data are given as log-transformed slopes (SE): *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.