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. 2014 May 26;369(1643):20130194. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0194

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© 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.

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Figure 2. — Conceptual diagram of connections between optical, foliar and soil traits. Canonical correlations describe the relationships between canopy spectra, canopy foliar traits and below-ground soil traits (left side of figure). Panel (a) displays the correlation of the first three spectral canonical axes with AVIRIS bands for all sites, Great Lakes and Western regions. The darkest line on each plot is of the first canonical variable, i.e. the linear combination of spectral data having the highest correlation with the linear combination of the second dataset (either foliar traits on left, or soil traits on right). Note that panel (a) displays many high negative correlations; absolute value indicates the strength of the relationships. Spectral canonical axes are then correlated with canonical axes that describe foliar traits, which are shown in panel (b). Foliar canonical variables are then correlated with canonical variables that describe soil traits, which are shown in panel (c). In addition to spectra–foliar–soil CCAs, we also describe the direct relationship between spectra and soils (right side of panel).