Figure 12.

Effects of GO and GE-rGO on generation of ROS in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells.

Notes: The relative fluorescence of 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein was measured using a spectrofluorometer with excitation at 485 nm and emission at 530 nm. The results represent the means of three separate experiments and the error bars represent the standard error of the mean. Treated groups (GO, GE-rGO, and H₂O₂) showed statistically significant differences from the control group, as determined by Student’s t-test (P<0.05).

Abbreviations: GE, Ganoderma extract; GO, graphene oxide; GE-rGO, GE-reduced GO; H₂O₂, hydrogen peroxide; NAC, N-acetylcystein; ROS, reactive oxygen species.